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Lifespan EXAM 1 > Chapter 5 Lecture 1 PART II > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Lecture 1 PART II Flashcards

Theories of Development

1
Q

BROFENBRENNER:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

A

Social and Economic Influences

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2
Q

BROFENBRENNER:
He believed that _____ and _____ factors influence growth and development

A

social and economic

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3
Q

MASLOW:
-What theory was he associated with?

A

Hierarchy of Needs

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4
Q

MASLOW:
-What is the Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Basic needs must be met to achieve self-actualization

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5
Q

MASLOW:
-What are the 6 stages in the Hierarchy of Needs?

A
  1. Physiological Needs: food, water, rest
  2. Activity
  3. Safety
  4. Love and belonging
  5. Self esteem
  6. Self-actualization
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6
Q

ROGERS:
-What theory was he associated with?

A

Environmental Theory

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7
Q

ROGERS:
-He believed what?
-Positive relationships form what?

A

-Every person has the potential to achieve their ideal self
-self-concept

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8
Q

WATSON:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

A

Behaviorist Theory

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9
Q

WATSON:
-What is he known as?
-What did he believe?

A

-“Father of behaviorism”
-the environment & experiences molded the personality

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10
Q

PAVLOV & SKINNER:
-They were associated with what kind of theory?
-This means that what two things with the environment were central to development?

A

Behaviorist Theory of Personality
-learning and interactions

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11
Q

PAVLOV:
-What kind of conditioning was he?

A

Classical

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12
Q

PAVLOV:
-What kind of response?

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

PAVLOV:
-He believed that learning was due to what?

A

Associating (pairing) things in the environment

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14
Q

SKINNER:
What kind of conditioning?

A

Operant

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15
Q

SKINNER:
-What kind of response?

A

Voluntary

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16
Q

SKINNER:
-He believed that learning involves ______ and ______

A

rewards & punishments

17
Q

SKINNER:
-Explain the learning of behaviors

A

Reinforcement OR punishment is used to increase OR decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future

18
Q

BANDURA & MISCHEL:
-They were associated with what kind of theory?

A

Social-Learning Theories of Personality

19
Q

BANDURA & MISCHEL:
-They believed learning occured through what?

A

Observation and imitation

20
Q

KOHLBERG:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

A

Theory of Moral Development

21
Q

KOHLBERG:
-He belived that the development of ____ ____ enables a person to differentiate _____ from _____

A

-social rules
-right from wrong

22
Q

KOHLBERG:
-What are the three stages and ages of moral development?

A
  1. Preconventional (0-5)
  2. Conventional (6-12)
  3. Postconventional (12 and beyond)
23
Q

KOHLBERG:
-What is the preconventional stage?

A

-Follows rules to avoid consequences and get REWARDS!!
-Sticker charts work for them

24
Q

KOHLBERG:
-What is the conventional stage?

A

-They follow the rules to be percieved as “good” and get approval from OTHERS!!

25
Q

KOHLBERG:
-What is the postconventional stage?

A

-They make decisions based on what THEY BELIEVE IS RIGHT
-abstract ideas, values, and beliefs affect their decisions

26
Q

COOLEY & MEAD:
-What kind of theory were they associated with?

A

Development of Self-image

27
Q

COOLEY & MEAD:
-What did they believe in?
-What does that mean?

A

-The looking glass-self
-we view ourselves according to how we appear to others

28
Q

PECK & HAVINGHURST:
-They were associated with what kind of theory?

A

Developmental Tasks of the Older Adult

29
Q

PECK:
-What did he believe the 3 developmental tasks of the older adult were?

A
  1. Coping with retirement
  2. Adapting to physiological decline due to aging
  3. Facing inevitability of death
30
Q

HAVINGHURST:
-He thought that late adulthood involved _____ ____ and maintaining _____ in life

A

-accepting oneself
-meaning

31
Q

HAVINGHURST:
-What did he believe were the 5 developmental tasks of the older adult?

A
  1. Adjusting to decreasing health status
  2. Adjusting to decreased income
  3. Adjusting to death of a spouse
  4. Adapting to changing social roles with peer groups
  5. Adapting to changing living arrangements
32
Q

ATCHLEY:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

A

Developmental Stages of Retirement

33
Q

ATCHLEY:
-What are the 5 developmental stages of retirement?

A
  1. Preretirement
  2. Honeymoon
  3. Disenchantment
  4. Stability
  5. Terminal
34
Q

ADDITIONAL INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:
-What three things does this consists of?

A
  1. Cultural beliefs and practices
  2. Gender differences
  3. Poverty
35
Q

What is nature?
-Example?

A

-Genes & hereditary factors
-Physical appearance, personality traits

36
Q

What is nurture?
-Example?

A

-Environmental variables
-Childhood experiences

Lifespan EXAM 1 (26 decks)

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