Chapter 5 Lecture 1 PART II

Question 1

BROFENBRENNER:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

Answer 1

Social and Economic Influences

Question 2

BROFENBRENNER:
He believed that _____ and _____ factors influence growth and development

Answer 2

social and economic

Question 3

MASLOW:
-What theory was he associated with?

Answer 3

Hierarchy of Needs

Question 4

MASLOW:
-What is the Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 4

Basic needs must be met to achieve self-actualization

Question 5

MASLOW:
-What are the 6 stages in the Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 5

1. Physiological Needs: food, water, rest
2. Activity
3. Safety
4. Love and belonging
5. Self esteem
6. Self-actualization

Question 6

ROGERS:
-What theory was he associated with?

Answer 6

Environmental Theory

Question 7

ROGERS:
-He believed what?
-Positive relationships form what?

Answer 7

-Every person has the potential to achieve their ideal self
-self-concept

Question 8

WATSON:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

Answer 8

Behaviorist Theory

Question 9

WATSON:
-What is he known as?
-What did he believe?

Answer 9

-“Father of behaviorism”
-the environment & experiences molded the personality

Question 10

PAVLOV & SKINNER:
-They were associated with what kind of theory?
-This means that what two things with the environment were central to development?

Answer 10

Behaviorist Theory of Personality
-learning and interactions

Question 11

PAVLOV:
-What kind of conditioning was he?

Answer 11

Classical

Question 12

PAVLOV:
-What kind of response?

Answer 12

Involuntary

Question 13

PAVLOV:
-He believed that learning was due to what?

Answer 13

Associating (pairing) things in the environment

Question 14

SKINNER:
What kind of conditioning?

Answer 14

Operant

Question 15

SKINNER:
-What kind of response?

Answer 15

Voluntary

Question 16

SKINNER:
-He believed that learning involves ______ and ______

Answer 16

rewards & punishments

Question 17

SKINNER:
-Explain the learning of behaviors

Answer 17

Reinforcement OR punishment is used to increase OR decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future

Question 18

BANDURA & MISCHEL:
-They were associated with what kind of theory?

Answer 18

Social-Learning Theories of Personality

Question 19

BANDURA & MISCHEL:
-They believed learning occured through what?

Answer 19

Observation and imitation

Question 20

KOHLBERG:
-What kind of theory was he associated with?

Answer 20

Theory of Moral Development

Question 21

KOHLBERG:
-He belived that the development of ____ ____ enables a person to differentiate _____ from _____

Answer 21

-social rules
-right from wrong

Question 22

KOHLBERG:
-What are the three stages and ages of moral development?

Answer 22

1. Preconventional (0-5)
2. Conventional (6-12)
3. Postconventional (12 and beyond)

Question 23

KOHLBERG:
-What is the preconventional stage?

Answer 23

-Follows rules to avoid consequences and get REWARDS!!
-Sticker charts work for them

Question 24

KOHLBERG:
-What is the conventional stage?

Answer 24

-They follow the rules to be percieved as “good” and get approval from OTHERS!!

Question 25

KOHLBERG: -What is the postconventional stage?

Answer 25

-They make decisions based on what THEY BELIEVE IS RIGHT -abstract ideas, values, and beliefs affect their decisions

Question 26

COOLEY & MEAD: -What kind of theory were they associated with?

Answer 26

Development of Self-image

Question 27

COOLEY & MEAD: -What did they believe in? -What does that mean?

Answer 27

-The looking glass-self -we view ourselves according to how we appear to others

Question 28

PECK & HAVINGHURST: -They were associated with what kind of theory?

Answer 28

Developmental Tasks of the Older Adult

Question 29

PECK: -What did he believe the 3 developmental tasks of the older adult were?

Answer 29

1. Coping with retirement 2. Adapting to physiological decline due to aging 3. Facing inevitability of death

Question 30

HAVINGHURST: -He thought that late adulthood involved _____ ____ and maintaining _____ in life

Answer 30

-accepting oneself -meaning

Question 31

HAVINGHURST: -What did he believe were the 5 developmental tasks of the older adult?

Answer 31

1. Adjusting to decreasing health status 2. Adjusting to decreased income 3. Adjusting to death of a spouse 4. Adapting to changing social roles with peer groups 5. Adapting to changing living arrangements

Question 32

ATCHLEY: -What kind of theory was he associated with?

Answer 32

Developmental Stages of Retirement

Question 33

ATCHLEY: -What are the 5 developmental stages of retirement?

Answer 33

1. Preretirement 2. Honeymoon 3. Disenchantment 4. Stability 5. Terminal

Question 34

ADDITIONAL INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: -What three things does this consists of?

Answer 34

1. Cultural beliefs and practices 2. Gender differences 3. Poverty

Question 35

What is nature? -Example?

Answer 35

-Genes & hereditary factors -Physical appearance, personality traits

Question 36

What is nurture? -Example?

Answer 36

-Environmental variables -Childhood experiences