Chapter 7 Lecture 2 PART II Flashcards
The Infant
At what age can the infant roll over?
4 months
At what age can the infant sit alone?
-5: momentarily
-6: with hands forward for support
-8: with support & standing position
At what age can the infant creep?
9 months
At what age can the infant stand up?
11 months
At what age can the infant start walking?
12 month
At what age can the child walk up the stairs with support?
15 months
Reflexes, such as grasping (fist)
0 months
Reaching (ineffective)
1-3 months
Grasping
3 months
Reach and grasp (hold bottle)
4-5 months
Control of reach and grasp
6-7 months
Pincer grasp
9 months
Clasps hands
10 months
Releases objects crudely
12-14 months
Controlled release
18 months
To develop fine and gross motor skills, an infant must be provided with what?
with a safe and stimulating environment to move and explore (Baby-proof the house!!)
Early motor competence and confidence can contribute to what?
The enjoyment of physical activity throughout childhood and beyond
What stage are they in (Freud)
The oral stage, so they like putting everything in their mouth
Guidelines for Physical Activity #1
-infants should interact with caregivers in…
daily physical activities that are dedicated to exploring movement and the environment
Guidelines for Physical Activity #2
-caregivers should place infants in…
settings that encourage and stimulate movement experiences & active play for short periods of time, several times each day
Guidelines for Physical Activity #3
-infant’s phsyical activity should promote…
the development of movement and skills
Guidelines for Physical Activity #4
-Whenever possible, caregivers should ensure an environment for infants that…
meets or exceeds recommended safety standards for performing large muscle activities
Guidelines for Physical Activity #5
-Those responsible for an infant’s well-being are responsible for understanding…
the importance of physical activity & promoting movement skills by providing opportunities for structured and unstructured physical activity
What is autonomy
independence
Striving for independence starts when
early in infancy
Self-consoling behavior is what? Give an example
-An early form of independence
-sucking their fingers to bring comfort or to relieve boredom
A maturing central nervous system combined with parental responses aids in what?
the development of sleep patterns
Sleep patterns: what is the goal?
to help infants develop self-regulatory skills so that they return to sleep without prompting
Piaget’s ______ theory of ______ is evident in the infant’s ______
-sensorimotor
-developent
-play activities
According to Freud’s theory of development, the infant is in the ______ phase
-oral
How do children learn about the world around them?
By applying learned skills to environmental experiences
Piaget’s Primary Circular Reaction
Sucking fingers or toes
Piaget’s Secondary Circular Reaction
-realizing that the rattle makes noise, so they keep shaking it
-repeated reactions from objects or a person
Piaget’s Tertiary Circular Reaction
-novel reaction from object or person
-throwing the bottle on the ground & mom laughs, so they keep throwing it
What is essential to support optimum development
proper nutritional intake
Breastfeeding is encouraged during what…
The first six months of life bc it is healthier, but appropriate formulas are okay
The newborn has what reflexes?
-rooting and sucking reflexes
Introduction to foods before ____ months of age is ____ recommended
-4-6 months
-NOT
How many foods should you introduce at a time, why?
-only 1 food
-to detect allergies
No cows milk before ____
No water before _____
-12 months
-6 months
When do primary (baby teeth) begin eruption?
at 5-7 months of age
What do primary (baby teeth) help ?
the intake of nutrition by allowing the chewing of foods, and they help in the formation of the jaw
When do nursing caries (cavities) occur?
when the infant is put to bed while sucking on milk or juice from a bottle
_____should be scheuled after birth before what?
-Well-child visits
-the newborn is discharged from the hospital
What should be checked every 2 months & what should be schedules?
-Growth, development, health, and nutrition of the infant
-appropriate immunizations scheduled
Acident Prevention:
-Accidents are…
-a major cause of morbidity (illness) and mortality (death)
What is the first injury prevention activity for the newborn?
The use of car seats
What should you do to your house? Name examples
Baby-proof it
-Anchor TV to the wall
-remove blinds with looped cords
-put safety covers over electrical outlets
-place baby gates at the bottom and top of the stairs
