Chapter 18 Lecture 3 PART II Flashcards
Toddler
NIGHT TERRORS:
-Are they normal?
-As the child develops they are (more/less) frequent?
-Yes
-less
NIGHT TERRORS:
-Are night terrors the same as nightmares?
No, nightmares develop at a later age
NIGHT TERRORS:
-What happens during night terrors?
-The child is not fully awake & cannot be aroused for minutes
NIGHT TERRORS:
-What should you instruct the parents to do?
-Speak soothingly to the child and DO NOT try to wake them up
NIGHT TERRORS:
-The child should fall back to sleep after ____ minutes
-Do they recall the episode in the morning?
-5 to 10 minutes
-No, typically they don’t
Toddlers need _____ for healthy growth.
-What can help them feel more secure?
-adequate sleep
-stuffed toys
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-What stage do they start at? What do they move into?
-sensorimotor -> preoperational
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-Egocentrism
-view the world as it relates to them
-Cannot put themselves in someone else’s shoes
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-Object permanence
-They should have a solid understanding of it by now
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-How do language skills develop?
-Are receptive skills or expressive skills greater?
-rapidly
-receptive skills are greater than expressive skills
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-What is play imperative to?
-It is often done in which way?
-learning
-repetition
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET):
-Burgeoning curiosity causes what?
safety concerns
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET): “Terrible Twos”
-What should the parents do when the child throws tantrums?
-They should make sure they understand what?
-Not give in
-What the tantrum is about/what it’s related to
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET): Hearing
-What is hearing critical for?
-When is hearing loss assessed?
-When is it tested?
-What is otitis media?
-language/speech
-at birth
-during toddler and preschool years
-the leading cause of hearing loss in toddlers
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL PATTERN (PIAGET): Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
-What is common in children with ASD?
-Is there a cause? treatment?
-Imparied social interactions and communications
-Signficiantly restricted activites and interest
-No known cause or single treatment
SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN (ERIKSON):
-What did Erikson believe happened during this stage?
-To exert autonomy, toddlers must do what?
-autonomy vs. shame and doubt
-relinquish dependence on others
SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN (ERIKSON):
-They need to explore the world in three ways:
- Physically
- Relationships
- Develop a sense of autonomy
SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN (ERIKSON):
-Exploring the world physically:
-They need to be active
-climbing onto, poking into, crawling under
SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN (ERIKSON):
-Exploring relationships
-What should the parents do in these situations?
-Search for limits of their (child’s) powers
-They say “NO!” & has temper tantrums
-Talk to them and help them regulate their emotions
SELF-PERCEPTION - SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN (ERIKSON):
-Experiencing conflicting desires can be what for the parents and child?
-Example?
-confusing
-says no to drink and then cries when it’s taken away
GUIDANCE TO PARENTS:
-What 2 things should you tell them?
-Keep a safe environment & promote autonomy
-Prevent and deal with temper tantrums
ROLES-RELATIONSHIP PATTERN:
-The toddler’s capability for relationships is ___
-this reflects what?
-What is understood?
-limited
-their egocentric approach to everything else
-Parents’ and siblings’ roles as they relate to the child
ROLES-RELATIONSHIP PATTERN: Sibling Rivalry
-What is it?
-What can be seen?
-What should parents do?
-an ongoing negotiation of roles and relationships
-Regression: the older sibling may want to use a baby bottle again after seeing the younger sibling use one
-“remove reward”- don’t punish sibling or reward toddler
ROLES-RELATIONSHIP PATTERN:
-Toddler might do what with others?
-imitate others
-prefer others possessions
ROLES-RELATIONSHIP PATTERN:
-The toddler has what kind of relationships with siblings?
-Older siblings typically do what?
-egocentric
-welcome the new family member, but sibling rivalry is common
ROLES-RELATIONSHIP PATTERN: Adverse Child Experiences (ACES)
-Trauma can have what kind of effects?
-What does ACES measure?
-High ACE score = ?
-long-lasting
-traumatic experiences
-intervention is required
CHILD ABUSE:
-What years have the greatest incidence of abuse?
toddler years
CHILD ABUSE:
-Is more likely if parents…
were abused or if there’s turmoil or stress in the family
CHILD ABUSE:
- ______ to warning signs of abuse
BE ALERT
CHILD ABUSE:
-What may be difficult to distinguish from abuse?
-What can be mistaken for abuse? Like what?
-Injuries
-Cultural practices like coining and cupping
CHILD ABUSE:
-Abusive parents often hesistate to do what?
-Provide info
CHILD ABUSE:
-Nurses are required by law to do what?
-report suspected abuse
CHILD ABUSE:
-10 warning signs of child abuse
- Parents delay in seeking medical help
- Inonsistencies in history of how the injury occured
- Injury is incompatible with the child’s capabilities
- Old, unexplained fractures on X-ray
- Repeated dental fracture or head trauma
- Bruises limited to back surface - neck to knees
- Bare spots (broken hair)
- Belt/buckle, hand, cigarette, hot water injury
- Burns with sharply demarcated edges
- Any kind of perineal injury and/or poor hygiene
TEMPERAMENT:
-Describe an easy child
- Cooperative
- Adapt well to change
- Easy to distract
- Likes to try new things
- Moderate activity
- Happy disposition
TEMPERAMENT:
-Describe a hard child
- Cling to parents
- Does not adapt to change
- Does not like to try new things
- Is difficult to distract
- High activity levels
- More prone to child abuse
TEMPERAMENT:
-Describe a slow-to-warm-up child
- Is resistant or hesistant at first
- Shy, may cry for a bit, but eventually warms up
TEMPERAMENT:
-Parents need to recognize what?
-The uniqueness of their children from birth
TEMPERAMENT:
-Typically, children _______ change their temperament
-What should you do if there are changes?
-DO NOT
-investigate
