Chapter 20 Lecture 4 PART I Flashcards by Fatima Avila

-What are the ages for school-age children?
-specific range?

-6-12 years
-entrance to kindergarten to beginning of adolescence

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-They experience a wide range of what?
-Growth is (slower/faster) than during ______ and _______

-growth, development, and cognitive ability
- slower
-infancy and adolescence

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-What skills are perfected?
-What abilities increase? In what way?

-Fine and gross motor skills
-Mental (cognitive)
-The child learns to read, write, and compute mathematics

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What kind of groups develop?

Peer

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They have an increasing ability for what type of care?

Self-care

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You can describe 6-12 years of age as…

“calm before the storm”

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Body systems reach…

adult level function

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Children may have what kind of appearance

overall slimmer appearance due to increased activity

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What muscles develop?

thoracic

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-They can have elevated…
-It should be screened for when?

-blood pressure
-yearly

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In terms of blood pressure, what will prevent adult organ damage?

Identification and treatment

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-What kind of children are at greater risk for organ damage
-What is the prevalence?

-Black and Mexican American children
-5 out of 100 children

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-Compared to other stages, growth is…
-Standardized charts are used, but what is considered?

-slower & occurs at a steadier pace
-family height

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Many children have what kind of growth?

Altering “spurts” of growth alternating with periods of minimal growth

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-Height increases by what per year?
-Weight increases by what per year?

-5 cm or 2 inches per year
-3-4 kg or 4.4-6.6 lbs per year

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Growth differs by what?

-race, gender, and genetics

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Head growth slows until what?

puberty

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Preadolescent growth spurt occurs earlier in..

girls than boys

MENARCHE
-Appears to be occuring ____ due to what?
-It is related to what? What does this mean?

-earlier
-due to better nutrition and differences in lifestyle
-genetics, so most girls experience their menarche at around the same age their mothers reached it

MENARCHE
-With sufficient _____ _____, girls can have their first menstrual period between what ages?
-Is this normal

-body fat
-11-15 years
-Yes

MENARCHE
-What is precocious puberty

puberty begins signficantly earlier than the average age

ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-What is tooth eruption?
-It occurs earlier for who?
-What is common?

-tranistion from deciduous (baby teeth) to permanent teeth
-girls
-orthodontic care

ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-Teeth are lost in what order?
-How many teeth are lost per year?

-the same order they intially erupted
-4

ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-There’s a potential for dental problems for school-age children, what are they? (3)

Dental caries
Periodontal disease
Malocclusion

ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth -what kinds of programs line up with Healthy People 2030 initiative? -They have reduced caries by what percent?

1. School-based oral health education programs 2. Sealant programs -60%

ORGAN DEVELOPMENT: Lympoid Tissue -How does it grow? -Additional lymphoid tissue helps with what? -What is normal at this age?

-Rapidly -Stronger immune response -Enlarged tonsils

ORGAN DEVELOPMENT: Lungs and Cardiovascular System -Lung capacity and the cardiovascular system (increase/decrease) with what

-increase with body size

ORGAN DEVELOPMENT: -What is fully developed in terms on bones? (3)

1. Bone marrow of ribs 2. Sternum 3. Vertebrae

MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: -When does maturation of the nervous system occur -What does it allow the brain's hemispheres to do?

-age 7-8 -it allows the brain's hemispheres to articulate and allow more control and coordination

MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: -What causes children to grow taller? -What are risks during growth?

-Lengthening of the long bones -fractures and joint pain

MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: -Muscle mass increase gives potential for what

More complex fine and gross motor functions

MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: -What is ossification? -When does it occur? Is it completed? -Children should avoid what? Examples?

-bone replaces cartilage -throughout childhood, but it is NOT completed until adulthood -excessive weight 1. heavy backpacks 2. wear proper-sized shoes 3. use appropraitely sized chairs and desks

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Nutritional guidelines -What do school-age children need? -How many calories should they be consuming per day?

-a well-balanced diet -1200-1800 kcal/day

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Factors Influencing Food Intake -What are 4 factors that influence food intake?

1. Access to food -lack of nutritious food -make their own snacks/food 2. Fast food issues -promotes obesity 3. Influences -Mass media, billboards, TV, peers, family 4. Contemporary busy lifestyles -Skip meals

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Nutritional Education; School Programs -What percent of low-income homes with children were food insecure? -What kinds of programs exist in most school and may continue in after-school programs? -The AAP and the AHA have established what?

-35% -lunch and breakfast programs -dietary guidelines for children and adolescents

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: -Obesity exists with a BMI that is... -OR exceeds what

-greater than 95% -30 kg/m^2

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: -Overweight would be considered having a BMI that is....

Between 85-95%

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: -What are contributing factors? (2)

1. Genetic and cultural issues 2. Environmental -Use of food as reward -Lack of physical activity

NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: -What are 4 hazards of obesity?

1. Hypertension 2. Diabetes 3. Heart Disease 4. Sleep apnea

OBESITY: THE NURSE'S ROLE -What is the nurse's role? -Nurses should encourage parents to be.... -What should they tell the parents to do?

-education -role models -make activity fun

OBESITY: THE NURSE'S ROLE -Nurse's should encourage reduction in.... -They should also discourage what?

-screen time -discourage eating while watching TV

OBESITY: THE NURSE'S ROLE -What should nurses consider? -What should they assist the family with?

-Cultural influences -developing healthy eating choices

OBESITY: THE NURSE'S ROLE -Encourage child involvement in what? -What does it foster? -Example?

-food selection -autonomy -"Do you want broccoli or asparagus?"

OBESITY: THE NURSE'S ROLE -What habit should be assessed? -Can they have it?

-Fast food -Yes, but keep it minimal

Chapter 20 Lecture 4 PART I Flashcards

School-Age Child