Chapter 20 Lecture 4 PART I Flashcards
School-Age Child
-What are the ages for school-age children?
-specific range?
-6-12 years
-entrance to kindergarten to beginning of adolescence
-They experience a wide range of what?
-Growth is (slower/faster) than during ______ and _______
-growth, development, and cognitive ability
- slower
-infancy and adolescence
-What skills are perfected?
-What abilities increase? In what way?
-Fine and gross motor skills
-Mental (cognitive)
-The child learns to read, write, and compute mathematics
What kind of groups develop?
Peer
They have an increasing ability for what type of care?
Self-care
You can describe 6-12 years of age as…
“calm before the storm”
Body systems reach…
adult level function
Children may have what kind of appearance
overall slimmer appearance due to increased activity
What muscles develop?
thoracic
-They can have elevated…
-It should be screened for when?
-blood pressure
-yearly
In terms of blood pressure, what will prevent adult organ damage?
Identification and treatment
-What kind of children are at greater risk for organ damage
-What is the prevalence?
-Black and Mexican American children
-5 out of 100 children
-Compared to other stages, growth is…
-Standardized charts are used, but what is considered?
-slower & occurs at a steadier pace
-family height
Many children have what kind of growth?
Altering “spurts” of growth alternating with periods of minimal growth
-Height increases by what per year?
-Weight increases by what per year?
-5 cm or 2 inches per year
-3-4 kg or 4.4-6.6 lbs per year
Growth differs by what?
-race, gender, and genetics
Head growth slows until what?
puberty
Preadolescent growth spurt occurs earlier in..
girls than boys
MENARCHE
-Appears to be occuring ____ due to what?
-It is related to what? What does this mean?
-earlier
-due to better nutrition and differences in lifestyle
-genetics, so most girls experience their menarche at around the same age their mothers reached it
MENARCHE
-With sufficient _____ _____, girls can have their first menstrual period between what ages?
-Is this normal
-body fat
-11-15 years
-Yes
MENARCHE
-What is precocious puberty
puberty begins signficantly earlier than the average age
ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-What is tooth eruption?
-It occurs earlier for who?
-What is common?
-tranistion from deciduous (baby teeth) to permanent teeth
-girls
-orthodontic care
ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-Teeth are lost in what order?
-How many teeth are lost per year?
-the same order they intially erupted
-4
ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-There’s a potential for dental problems for school-age children, what are they? (3)
- Dental caries
- Periodontal disease
- Malocclusion
ORAL DEVELOPMENT: Teeth
-what kinds of programs line up with Healthy People 2030 initiative?
-They have reduced caries by what percent?
- School-based oral health education programs
- Sealant programs
-60%
ORGAN DEVELOPMENT: Lympoid Tissue
-How does it grow?
-Additional lymphoid tissue helps with what?
-What is normal at this age?
-Rapidly
-Stronger immune response
-Enlarged tonsils
ORGAN DEVELOPMENT: Lungs and Cardiovascular System
-Lung capacity and the cardiovascular system (increase/decrease) with what
-increase with body size
ORGAN DEVELOPMENT:
-What is fully developed in terms on bones? (3)
- Bone marrow of ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebrae
MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:
-When does maturation of the nervous system occur
-What does it allow the brain’s hemispheres to do?
-age 7-8
-it allows the brain’s hemispheres to articulate and allow more control and coordination
MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:
-What causes children to grow taller?
-What are risks during growth?
-Lengthening of the long bones
-fractures and joint pain
MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:
-Muscle mass increase gives potential for what
More complex fine and gross motor functions
MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:
-What is ossification?
-When does it occur? Is it completed?
-Children should avoid what? Examples?
-bone replaces cartilage
-throughout childhood, but it is NOT completed until adulthood
-excessive weight
1. heavy backpacks
2. wear proper-sized shoes
3. use appropraitely sized chairs and desks
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Nutritional guidelines
-What do school-age children need?
-How many calories should they be consuming per day?
-a well-balanced diet
-1200-1800 kcal/day
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Factors Influencing Food Intake
-What are 4 factors that influence food intake?
- Access to food
-lack of nutritious food
-make their own snacks/food - Fast food issues
-promotes obesity - Influences
-Mass media, billboards, TV, peers, family - Contemporary busy lifestyles
-Skip meals
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN: Nutritional Education; School Programs
-What percent of low-income homes with children were food insecure?
-What kinds of programs exist in most school and may continue in after-school programs?
-The AAP and the AHA have established what?
-35%
-lunch and breakfast programs
-dietary guidelines for children and adolescents
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN:
-Obesity exists with a BMI that is…
-OR exceeds what
-greater than 95%
-30 kg/m^2
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN:
-Overweight would be considered having a BMI that is….
Between 85-95%
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN:
-What are contributing factors? (2)
- Genetic and cultural issues
- Environmental
-Use of food as reward
-Lack of physical activity
NUTRITIONAL METABOLIC PATTERN:
-What are 4 hazards of obesity?
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Heart Disease
- Sleep apnea
OBESITY: THE NURSE’S ROLE
-What is the nurse’s role?
-Nurses should encourage parents to be….
-What should they tell the parents to do?
-education
-role models
-make activity fun
OBESITY: THE NURSE’S ROLE
-Nurse’s should encourage reduction in….
-They should also discourage what?
-screen time
-discourage eating while watching TV
OBESITY: THE NURSE’S ROLE
-What should nurses consider?
-What should they assist the family with?
-Cultural influences
-developing healthy eating choices
OBESITY: THE NURSE’S ROLE
-Encourage child involvement in what?
-What does it foster?
-Example?
-food selection
-autonomy
-“Do you want broccoli or asparagus?”
OBESITY: THE NURSE’S ROLE
-What habit should be assessed?
-Can they have it?
-Fast food
-Yes, but keep it minimal
