Chapter 17 PART II Flashcards
Infant
Sleep need to correlate with what?
rate of growth
Babies should be asleep ____ of time at birth & will sleep _____ over time
-80%
-less
At 12 months they should sleep ____ hours daily
12
Promote infant’s sleep patterns:
-What should happen with sleep cycles?
-What should be developed?
-Sensitivity to sleep cycles
-develop rituals
Should they be on a firm schedule?
-No
-BUT they should also not be going to sleep when you are
What is highly prevelent in terms of sleep?
-What is helpful?
-Sleep problems
1. Bedtime rituals are helpful
2. Brief arousals at night are normal for infants
3. Quiet room separate from parents is recommended
What does the Safe-To-Sleep Campaign promote? (what position)
-placing child on back (vs. prone) for sleep
What does the Safe-To-Sleep Campaign avoid?
-What has it signficantly reduced?
-one of the risk factors for SIDS
-the incidence of SIDS
The Safe-To-Sleep Campaign has increased the incidence of what?
-occipital flattening (Flat Head Syndrome)
-this is when a flat spot on occiput develops
What are some solutions for Flat Head Syndrome?
- Supervised prone position when awake (“Tummy Time”)
- Place their head facing altnerate sides at bedtime
- Avoid excessive use of carriers
What can happen with excessive use of carriers?
-Carriers can cause a hip injury if the infant is left in there for too long with their legs separated
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?
-when does it most commonly occur?
-Is there a known cause?
-It is the ____ leading cause of infant death
-sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than 1 year old during sleep
-occurs before 6 months
-Unexplained cause
-3rd
What are SIDS risk factors? (8)
- prone sleeping
- exposure to tobacco smoke
- soft sleeping surfaces
- hyperthermia
- bed sharing
- lack of breastfeeding
- SIDS siblings
- near-SIDS
Infant mortality: what are the 5 leading causes of death?
- Congenital anomalies
- Preterm birth and low birth weight
- SIDS
- Unintentional injuries
- Maternal pregnancy complications
Safe To Sleep Campaign steps
- The infant is placed in the supine position
- He or she is then put to bed
-this measure has reduced the incidence of SIDS
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Vision
- Sight is the least developed sense at birth bc the eye muscles are weak
- Initially, vision is unfocused, without meaning
- By 3 months, eye movements coordinate
- By 6 months, eye movements mature
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Hearing
- After the amniotic fluid has drained from the middle ear, the infant’s hearing becomes acute
- Sound discrimination is an important developmental task
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Smell
- Fully developed at birth
- Can differentiate odor of mother’s milk from others at 2 weeks
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Taste
- Present at birth
- Salivation begins at 3 months of age
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Touch and motion
- Tactile sensation is well developed at birth
- Touch relieves infant tensions & speeds neuromusclar development
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Language development
- Sensory stimulation is important
- At 2 months, cooing sounds are heard
- At 6 months, babbling sounds are heard
- At 12 months, single words emerge
- By 15-18 months, an expressive jargon develops
ROLES-RELATIONSHIPS PATTERN: Attachment and bonding
Establishment of maternal-infant bond is important
ROLES-RELATIONSHIPS PATTERN: Theories of attachment
-Freudian psychoanalytic theory
-Oedipus Complex
-Electra Anxiety
-They are in the oral stage (breastfeeding, pacifier, sucking)
ROLES-RELATIONSHIPS PATTERN:
Theories of attachment
-Social learning theory
attachment is a set of learned behaviors
-we need to engage with the infants
