Chapter 19 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards
Preschool Child
What ages are the preschool stage?
3-5(6)
Preschool children should have a more developed what?
Body structure
What ability do preschool children have?
Ability to control and use their body
Preschool children have an increased fluidity in what? Why?
-Language
-Because they are closer to an adult
-There is a major advance/thrust in what for preschool children?
-They extend their experience beyond what?
-mastery of self as independent being
-family
In the US, preschool children begin what at this age?
-formal schooling
-starting with preschool vs. kindergarten or 1st grade
Many Healthy People 2030 goals are aimed at who
preschoolers
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Does the preschooler still have a protruberant abdomen?
No, it disappears
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: What happens to their pelvis?
-begins to straighten
BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What happens with their feet?
-mild in-toeing may remain
-may show transient genu valgum (knock knee) and flat feet
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Growth
-How much do they grow per year (height)?
-How much weight do they gain per year?
-2 inches or 7 cm per year
-4 lbs or 2 kgs per year
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Tooth development
-What teeth are finished growing?
-Which teeth start erupting?
-Primary
Secondary teeth
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Kidneys/GI
-Are these both fully mature or are they still immature by preschool age?
-What kind of control does the preschooler have over these?
-Fully mature
-Voluntary control
⇨ they should be toilet trained by this age, BUT may have accidents at night
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Heart/Lungs
-Increase or decrease in their capacities?
increase
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Ears
-What do their ears do?
-What about otitis media, is there an increase or decrease in it?
-change shape
-decrease
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Tonsils/adenoids
-What are they, small or large at this age?
-large
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Immunity:
-What kind of immune response do they have at this point?
Boosted immune response
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Musculoskeletal/neuro
-What skills do they advance
-What starts to develop?
-advance fine/gross motor skills
-abdominal muscles
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Gender
-Boys experience more of what?
-injuries (accidents) and illnesses
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Race Influences
-What can race influence? (5)
- Health care
- Cultural preferences
- Dietary choices
- Health-promoting behaviors (Such as going to the dentist twice a year and brushing teeth twice a day)
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Genetics
-What is most commonly diagnosed during preschool years?
-Cystic fibrosis
-Duchenne muscular distrophy
⇨ muscle disease that causes progressive muscle weakness
PLAY:
-What kind of play do preschoolers engage in?
-interactive
PLAY:
-What is the primary activity for a preschooler?
Play
PLAY:
-Play has an important role in what kind of development?
social/psychological development
PLAY:
-What does play reveal?
A child’s reality and perceptions
PLAY:
-What does play promote? (3)
-Example?
- Problem solving
- Creativity
- Collaborations
-Using legos and creating things
PLAY:
-What kind of toys should be chosen?
Age-appropriate toys
PLAY:
-What is imitation play
-imitating other (usually adults)
PLAY:
-Play is a window into what
-social competency
PLAY:
-What does much of the preschooler’s play involve?
-fantasy and imaginary (scenarios, companions)
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-What can the preschooler internalize?
Family rules
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-What do they have a sense of?
-Example?
-Time
-“I’m going to grandmas for 2 sleeps” = 2 nights
-they know the difference between night and day
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
-They have the ability to function ______ with language
symbolically
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-What kind of thought process do they have?
-What are three characteristics of it?
-concrete
1. Egocentrism
2. Irreversibility
3. Transductive reasoning (thinking)
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-Describe Irreversibility with an example
-They believe that things can’t be reversed
EXAMPLE: if something breaks, they think it is done (trash), but they don’t realize you can glue it back together
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-Describe transductive reasoning (thinking) with an example
-Reasoning to THEM is logical
EXAMPLE: if a vace falls while it’s thundering, they will think that the thunder caused the vase to fall, so everytime there’s a thunderstorm, they expect the vase to fall
COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-Imaginary friends are controlled by who? Are they a threat?
-They are a way to practice what?
-Them (the child), they are not a threat
-social interactions
