Chapter 19 Lecture 3 PART I

Question 1

What ages are the preschool stage?

Answer 1

3-5(6)

Question 2

Preschool children should have a more developed what?

Answer 2

Body structure

Question 3

What ability do preschool children have?

Answer 3

Ability to control and use their body

Question 4

Preschool children have an increased fluidity in what? Why?

Answer 4

-Language
-Because they are closer to an adult

Question 5

-There is a major advance/thrust in what for preschool children?
-They extend their experience beyond what?

Answer 5

-mastery of self as independent being
-family

Question 6

In the US, preschool children begin what at this age?

Answer 6

-formal schooling
-starting with preschool vs. kindergarten or 1st grade

Question 7

Many Healthy People 2030 goals are aimed at who

Answer 7

preschoolers

Question 8

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Does the preschooler still have a protruberant abdomen?

Answer 8

No, it disappears

Question 9

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: What happens to their pelvis?

Answer 9

-begins to straighten

Question 10

BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What happens with their feet?

Answer 10

-mild in-toeing may remain
-may show transient genu valgum (knock knee) and flat feet

Question 11

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Growth
-How much do they grow per year (height)?
-How much weight do they gain per year?

Answer 11

-2 inches or 7 cm per year
-4 lbs or 2 kgs per year

Question 12

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Tooth development
-What teeth are finished growing?
-Which teeth start erupting?

Answer 12

-Primary
Secondary teeth

Question 13

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Kidneys/GI
-Are these both fully mature or are they still immature by preschool age?
-What kind of control does the preschooler have over these?

Answer 13

-Fully mature
-Voluntary control
⇨ they should be toilet trained by this age, BUT may have accidents at night

Question 14

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Heart/Lungs
-Increase or decrease in their capacities?

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Ears
-What do their ears do?
-What about otitis media, is there an increase or decrease in it?

Answer 15

-change shape
-decrease

Question 16

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Tonsils/adenoids
-What are they, small or large at this age?

Answer 16

-large

Question 17

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Immunity:
-What kind of immune response do they have at this point?

Answer 17

Boosted immune response

Question 18

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Musculoskeletal/neuro
-What skills do they advance
-What starts to develop?

Answer 18

-advance fine/gross motor skills
-abdominal muscles

Question 19

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Gender
-Boys experience more of what?

Answer 19

-injuries (accidents) and illnesses

Question 20

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Race Influences
-What can race influence? (5)

Answer 20

1. Health care
2. Cultural preferences
3. Dietary choices
4. Health-promoting behaviors (Such as going to the dentist twice a year and brushing teeth twice a day)

Question 21

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Genetics
-What is most commonly diagnosed during preschool years?

Answer 21

-Cystic fibrosis
-Duchenne muscular distrophy
⇨ muscle disease that causes progressive muscle weakness

Question 22

PLAY:
-What kind of play do preschoolers engage in?

Answer 22

-interactive

Question 23

PLAY:
-What is the primary activity for a preschooler?

Answer 23

Play

Question 24

PLAY:
-Play has an important role in what kind of development?

Answer 24

social/psychological development

Question 25

PLAY: -What does play reveal?

Answer 25

A child's reality and perceptions

Question 26

PLAY: -What does play promote? (3) -Example?

Answer 26

1. Problem solving 2. Creativity 3. Collaborations -Using legos and creating things

Question 27

PLAY: -What kind of toys should be chosen?

Answer 27

Age-appropriate toys

Question 28

PLAY: -What is imitation play

Answer 28

-imitating other (usually adults)

Question 29

PLAY: -Play is a window into what

Answer 29

-social competency

Question 30

PLAY: -What does much of the preschooler's play involve?

Answer 30

-fantasy and imaginary (scenarios, companions)

Question 31

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -What can the preschooler internalize?

Answer 31

Family rules

Question 32

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -What do they have a sense of? -Example?

Answer 32

-Time -"I'm going to grandmas for 2 sleeps" = 2 nights -they know the difference between night and day

Question 33

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: Piaget's Preoperational Stage -They have the ability to function ______ with language

Answer 33

symbolically

Question 34

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -What kind of thought process do they have? -What are three characteristics of it?

Answer 34

-concrete 1. Egocentrism 2. Irreversibility 3. Transductive reasoning (thinking)

Question 35

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -Describe Irreversibility with an example

Answer 35

-They believe that things can't be reversed EXAMPLE: if something breaks, they think it is done (trash), but they don't realize you can glue it back together

Question 36

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -Describe transductive reasoning (thinking) with an example

Answer 36

-Reasoning to THEM is logical EXAMPLE: if a vace falls while it's thundering, they will think that the thunder caused the vase to fall, so everytime there's a thunderstorm, they expect the vase to fall

Question 37

COGNITIVE - PERCEPTUAL PATTERN: -Imaginary friends are controlled by who? Are they a threat? -They are a way to practice what?

Answer 37

-Them (the child), they are not a threat -social interactions