Chapter 19 Neuro Emergencies

Question 1

Name of brain lobes and what do they do?

Answer 1

●Occipital lobe: scans through images

●Temporal lobe: attaches name to image

●Frontal lobe: controls voluntary motion

●Parietal lobe: perceives touch and pain

Question 2

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 2

●Limbic system: generates rage and anger

●Hypothalamus: Controls pleasure, thirst, hunger

●Prefrontal cortex: mediates all emotions

Question 3

●Located in posterior, inferior area of skull
●Manages complex motor activity
●Learned behaviors transferred from frontal lobe

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

AEIOU - TIPS

Answer 4

Alcohol/Acidosis
Endocrine/Electrolytes
Insulin/Infection
Opiates
UTI
Trauma
Poisoning/Psych
Shock/Stroke/Seizure

Question 5

Cranial Nerve V -

Answer 5

Trigeminal Nerve - Face - chewing, pain, temp, touch

Question 6

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 6

Vagus Nerve - Sensation and movement of the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and GI system

Question 7

Teeth Clenching

Answer 7

Trismus

Question 8

S/S of Cushing’s Triad - Increased ICP

Answer 8

Bradycardia
Irregular rr

Elevated BP

Question 9

Drooping/Sagging Eyelids

Answer 9

Ptosis

Sign/Symptoms of Stroke or Bell’s Palsy

Question 10

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 10

Oculomotor - Movement of eye and pupil

Question 11

Cranial Nerve vII

Answer 11

Facial : Movement of the face, tears, salivation, taste

Question 12

A condition in which the body generates antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle weakness, often in the face.

Answer 12

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 13

Steps in Tonic Clonic Seizure:

Answer 13

1.) Loss of consciousness
2.) Tonic Phase: Systemic Rigidity
3.) Hypertonic Phase: Arched back & rigidity
4.) Clonic Phase: Intermittent muscle contractions
5.) Postseizure: Major Muscle, involuntary eye movement.
6.) Postictal Phase: Reset period of the brain, period of confusion after seizure has ended.

Question 14

Elevated BP
Swelling in hands or feet
Proteinuria

Are S/S of:

Answer 14

Pre-Eclampsia

IF pt begins having seizures, it becomes Eclampsia.

Question 15

Body Fluids are infectious

Answer 15

Standard Precautions

Question 16

Losts of things are infectious

Answer 16

Universal Precautions

Question 17

Position for Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 17

Lying down w/head elevated

Question 18

Position for Ischemic Stroke

Answer 18

Supine

Question 19

“Bouncing” eyes

Answer 19

Nystagmus

Question 20

●Rare disease
●Immune system attacks portions of nervous system.
●Patients may report previous respiratory or GI infection.
●Some patients recover completely.
●Some patients require assistance the rest of their lives.
●15 to 20% report motor weakness.

●Begins as weakness in legs
●Moves up legs and affects thorax and arms
●Can lead to paralysis
●Several hours
●Patients prone to severe swings in pulse rate and blood pressure

Answer 20

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Question 21

●Tremor
●Postural instability
●Rigidity
●Bradykinesia

Answer 21

Parkinson’s

Question 22

●Strikes the voluntary motor neurons
●Cause unclear
●Most common in middle-aged men

●Fatigue
●General weakness of muscle groups
●Fasciculations (muscle twitching)
●Difficulty doing routine activities

Answer 22

ALS

Question 23

Severe, abnormal muscle spasms that cause bizarre contortions, repetitive motions, or postures.

Answer 23

Dystonia

Question 24

Begin with flu-like symptoms and:
●Stiff neck
●Photophobia
●Lethargy
●Altered LOC
●Seizures

Answer 24

Meningitis

Question 25

What is Kernig Sign?

How to test for it?

What is it testing for?

Answer 25

Positive Meningitis if, while pt is lying supine, you bend the knee, and raise the calf, and the head involuntarily raises.

Question 26

What is Brudzinski sign? How do you test for it and what is it testing for?

Answer 26

Positive for meningitis if while pt is lying flat, you raise the head and the knees involuntarily raises.