Chapter 17 Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
Air that doesn’t go through gas exchange
Dead Air Space
One of the most common fatal illnesses in developing countries
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Blood Flow
●From heart to lungs via pulmonary artery
●Artery branches into smaller vessels
●More gas exchange between lung bases and circulatory system
●Pulmonary capillaries are narrow
●Polycythemia - Too many RBC’s
●Cor pulmonale - Weakening of the right side of the heart, by lung dz’s
Cardiovascular regulation, Lung closely linked to:
●Heart changes have pulmonary consequences
●Left-sided heart failure progresses faster than right-sided heart failure
●Mild hypoxia increases in heart rate
●Severe hypoxia causes bradycardia
●Uncorrected hypoxic insults may trigger lethal cardiac arrhythmia
What will untreated HTN cause?
L sided heart failure
S/S of:
JVD
Enlarged Liver
R sided heart failure
Reduced Preload, decreased cardiac output
Positive pressure ventilations
Negative-Pressure Ventilation
Inhalation
Positive-Pressure Ventilation
Expiration
A Sucking chest wound allows air to enter thorax during which phase of ventilation?
Inspiratory or negative-pressure phase
R sided heart failure that occurs from chronic lung disease
COR pulmonale
Conditions that impair lung function
●Atelectasis
●Pneumonia
●Pulmonary edema
●Asthma
●COPD
Conditions that impair mechanics of breathing
●Flail chest
●Diaphragmatic rupture
●Severe retractions
●Air- or blood-filled abdomen
●Abdominal or chest binding
●Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Conditions that impair neuromuscular apparatus
●Head trauma, intracranial infections, or brain tumors
●Serious spinal cord injury
●Guillain-Barré syndrome
●Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease)
●Botulism
Tube diameter decreases resistance to flow increases is called:
Poiseuille Law
You and your partner respond to F c/o vomiting for 3 days, she is pale, diaphoretic, and listless. BP 92/42, HR 118, RR 28. Your partner believes pt is exaggerating, probably has the flu. Which options fits this scenario best?
A. Start O2 at 2LPM.
B. Rapid Transport. *****
C. Identify Source of poisoning.
D. Have pt drink water.
What does the term anaphylaxis actually mean? What did the people that discovered anaphylaxis determine it was?
LACK OF PROTECTION (they believed body was unable to protect itself from the allergen)
How to determine MAP?
Systolic-Diastolic= Pulse Pressure
Take 1/3 of P.P. + Diastolic = MAP
Average Minute Volume
6,000-10,000
Coronary Vessel Supplies blood to which part of the heart?
No Urine Output
Anuria
Average urine production per hour
70ml
Kidney failure d/t muscle damage
Rhabdomyosis -
Muscle damage releases myoglobulin.
Myoglobulin clogs the glomerus.
Kidney’s unable to filter.
How much cardiac output goes to kidneys per minute?
25%
Normal Potassium levels
3.5-5
Hyperkalemia Causes?
Hypokalemia Causes?
RAAS
Kidney releases Renin into blood. Converts Renin to Angiotension 1. Ang 1 to Ang 2. Ang 2 causes vasoconstriction. BP increases. Arterioles close down. Causes peripheral vascular resistance. Liver releases Aldasterone to retain sodium.
When do the majority of transplant rejection happen?
In the 1st 3 months
Most common transplant
Kidney
Stroke Scale
If they fail even one test on the stroke scale, there is still a 70% chance they are experiencing a stroke.
What disease presents with a target rash?
Where does the disease come from?
Lyme Disease
Deer tick
1st recorded case in Lyme Connecticut in 1973
Lung Tissue
Lung Parenchyma
ARDS
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Damage to alveoli: Aspiration of GI contents, Pulmonary edema, barotrauma, etc.
