Ch 13 Principles Of Pharmocology Flashcards
Scientific study of how various substances interact with or alter the function of living organisms
Pharmacology
What schedule drugs have no medical purpose & high abuse potential? Examples.
Schedule I - Heroin, LSD, peyote, marijuana
What schedule drugs have a legitimate medical purpose as well as a high potential for abuse? Examples.
Schedule II -
A.) Opioids: Codeine, Fentanyl, Dilaudid, Morphine
B.) Stimulants: Adderall, Ritalin, Cocaine
What schedule drugs have a lower potential for abuse than schedule III drugs? Examples.
Schedule IV: Xanax, Valium, Ativan
What schedule drugs have lower potential for abuse than Schedule II drugs? Examples.
Schedule III
A.) Opiods: Tylenol w/Codeine
B.) Non-Opioids: Steroids, Ketamine
What schedule drugs have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV drugs?
Schedule V drugs: Opioid cough medicine
Atropine, ASA, Digoxin, & Morphine are derived from what?
Plants
Heparin, Insulin, Thyroid meds, & antivenom are derived from what?
Animals
Iron, Magnesium, Lithium, & Calcium are derived from what?
Minerals
List different FORMS of medications.
Capsule
Tablet
Powder
Droplet
Suppository
Liquid
Skin Prep (Gel, Ointment, Paste)
Inhaler/Spray
Parental Solution (sterile solution for injection)
The grouping to which a medication belongs.
Drug Class
The medications effects on the body, as determined by Onset, Peak, & Duration.
Pharmacokinetics
Strong evidence that supports the use of the procedure/medication, the benefit is greater than the risk, and the interventions should be performed/administered.
Class I
Moderate evidence that the benefit is greater than the risk, the interventions is reasonable, and the interventions may be useful.
Class IIa
Weak evidence that the benefit is greater than the risk, intervention may be considered.
Class IIb
No benefit, evidence is weak, benefit equals the risk, and the interventions should not be performed/administered.
Class III
There is strong evidence that the risk is greater than the benefit, the interventions should/procedure should not be performed.
Class III
How a medication affects the body, how it alters or processes within the body
Pharmacodynamics
Helps prevent Wernicke’s Encephalopathy. Without the Thiamine, alcoholics can’t metabolize the glucose.
Administering Thiamine prior to adm D50
A neurologic disorder that may be exacerbated by the sudden adm of glucose
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
thins and loosens mucus in the respiratory tract making it easier to cough up and expel
Expectorant/Mucolytic
How many half lives does a drug have to go through
2
The time needed in an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of a substance in the plasma.
Half Life
Cells take out materials/waste
Exocytosis
Cells bring in material/nutrients
Endocytosis
Which organs are considered filtering organs?
Kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes
The pressure exerted by the concentration of the solutes in a given space to stop the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic Pressure
When free water and particles such as sodium & potassium can pass through semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration of the water on each side of the membrane. Allows IV fluids to leave the IV space and enter tissues and cells.
Osmosis
Giving repeated doses of a med within a short time frame, that rapidly causes tolerance, making the med ineffective.
Tachyphylaxis
When repeated exposure to e medication within a particular class causes tolerance to other drugs in the same class.
Cross tolerance
When a medication has a decreased efficacy or potency when taken repeatedly
Tolerance
An abnormal tolerance to the adverse or therapeutic effects associated with a substance, from repeated exposure to certain medications or chemicals
Habituation
System in the liver that uses a complex, enzyme based process to alter the chemical structure of a medication or other chemical. Can be influenced by other meds, chemicals, diet choices, altering the metabolism of certain groups of medications.
Cytochrome P-450
Extracellular Fluid makes up how much TBW (includes plasma, lymph, interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid)?
37%
Intracellular Fluid makes up how much TBW (body cell membranes)?
63%
bind with heavy metals makes compound that is able to get through
Chelating agents
The ability to initiate or alter cell activity in a therapeutic/desired manner
Efficacy
The concentration of the medication required to initiate a cellular response
Potency
Biotransformation- what is it? where does it occur?
How a drug is eliminated
Liver
The WAY in which a medication produces the intended response. Activation of certain receptors are activated and elicit a specific response by cells, tissues, organs, & body systems.
One of 4 possible actions will occur:
A) Channels permitting passage of ions in cell walls are opened or closed.
B) A Biological chemical messenger becomes activated, initiating other chemical reactions within the cell
C) A normal cell function is prevented.
D) A normal or abnormal function of the cell begins (agonist/antiagonist)
Pharmacodynamics
The body’s action on a medication. The meds effects on the body, est amount of time for med to enter body and begin taking effect (Onset), est amount of time for greatest effect (Peak), the amount of time the med will have any effect on the body (Duration)
Pharmacokinetics
What info does a drug/med profile include
1.) Name
2.) Category/Class
3.) Indication/Use
4.) MOA/Pharmacodynamics
5.) Pregnancy Risk Factor
6.) Contraindications
7.) Available Forms
8.) Dosage
9.) Adm Considerations
10.) Potential incompatibilities
11.)Adverse Effects
12.) Pharmacokinetics
Gas or fine mist for inhalation (Albuterol, Nitro Spray)
Inhaler/Spray
Meds dissolved or suspended in liquid for oral consumption (Cough syrup, Tylenol)
Liquid
Wax like material that dissolves in the rectum (Phenergan, Tylenol)
Suppository
Gel, Ointment, paste for transdermal adm (Nitro, Fentayl patch)
Skin Prep
Sterile solution for IV (Fentanyl, Epi)
Parenteral Solution
Sterile solution or nonsterile liquid for direct adm to eye or ear (Afrin, Narcan)
Droplet
Example of a powder
Glucagon
Powdered or solid medication enclosed in a dissolvable gelatin shell (Tylenol, Motrin, Benadryl)
Capsule
Solid Medication particles designed to swallow or dissolve (ASA, Nitro)
Tablets
What schedule drugs do you have to have med control orders to adm?
Schedule II
RESPONSIBLE FOR APPROVING NEW MEDICATIONS TO ENSURE SAFETY AND PURITY. APPROVES TRIALS AND STUDIES. DRUGS APPROVED BY FDA ARE NOT ALWAYS USED FOR THEIR INTENDED PURPOSE, EITHER THE INDICATION, DOSE, OR ROUTE CAN BE CHANGED. KNOWN AS “OFFLABEL” USE
FDA ACT
Med formula calculations for men
Ideal Body Weight (kg) = 50 + 2.3 x’s pt’s height in inches over 5ft
Med adm formula for women
Ideal Body Weight (kg) = 45.5 + 2.3 x’s pts height in inches over 5ft
