Chapter 12.1-12.2 Flashcards
Define industrial revolution
A period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700s
Why did the US start manufacturing
During the war of 1812, Britain blockaded the US, which forced them to produce their own goods
Factory system
People used to make goods in single family run shops. Companies were created by bringing these individual shops under one roof(factories)
What are textiles
Cloth items like shirts, pants, and anything else you can make with cotton or wool
Spinning wheel
Allows u to turn cotton or wool into thread which is then turned into clothing. This process takes longer then making actual textile
Water frame
A machine that used water power to spin numerous threads at one time. This makes spinning thread more efficient and faster
Samuel slater
Worked in the textile industry in Britain. He will memorize the operations of the machined powered spinning machines and bring that information to the US
Where did industrialization mostly occur? Why? Where didn’t it occur? Why?
Occurred in the north because of an abundance of rivers to build water powers machines on. The south refused industrialization and continued to grow cash crops
Urbanization
The movement of people into the cities in search of jobs. With the increase in people, cities grew rapidly and had difficulties managing the growth of northern cities
Lowell system
Created by Francis Cabot Lowell. She created a factory system where young, unmarried women worked to spin thread. They lived in boarding houses and were paid the highest wages in the industry. Many women hoped to gain employment with Lowell’s company
Working conditions in the Lowell system
As industrialization expanded, employers lowered wages , and increased work hours to compete with other companies. This placed workers in a constant danger opening the way for labor unions
Who invented interchangeable parts and mass production
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts
Products could be made faster if the parts for one product worked with the parts from another. He will demonstrate this procedure by producing guns for the US military
Mass production
With the addition of interchangeable parts, businesses could produce goods at a much faster rate and with maximum efficiency
3 ideas of manufacturing
Faster production, cheaper products, new markets
