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ANATOMY > CH 9 > Flashcards

CH 9 Flashcards

Articulations

1
Q

Refers to joint or articulation

A

Arthro-

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2
Q

Articulation/ joint

A

Area where bone meets another tissue like another bone, cartilage, teeth

Not necessarily moveable! e.g. teeth

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3
Q

How are joints typically named?

A

By articulating bones

e.g. sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, radioulnar

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4
Q

Two ways joints are categorized

A
  • Physiologically
  • Anatomy
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5
Q

Physiological categorization of joints

A

By amount of movement possible

  • Synarthrosis
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • Diarthosis
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6
Q

Non-movable joint

A

Synarthroses

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7
Q

Slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthroses

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8
Q

Freely moveable joint

A

Diarthroses

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9
Q

Relationship between mobility and stability of a joint

A

Inversely proportional

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10
Q

Anatomical categorization of a joint

A

By structure of a joint

  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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11
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Collagen fibers (strong!) between bone and bone or bone and teeth

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12
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

1) Gomphoses
2) Sutures
3) Syndesmoses

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13
Q

Gomphoses joint

A

teeth to maxilla and mandible

synarthroses

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14
Q

Sutures

A

between skull bones

synarthroses

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15
Q

Syndesmoses

A

between parallel bones

amphiarthrosis

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16
Q

2 examples of syndesmosis joints

A
  • Radioulnar - between radius and ulna
  • Tibiofibular - between tibia and fibula
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17
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones attached by cartilage

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18
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A
  • Synchondroses
  • Symphyses
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19
Q

Synchondroses

A

Bone joined by hyaline cartilage (stiff!)

usually synarthroses

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20
Q

Examples of synchondroses

A

epiphyseal discs (temporary joint), costochondral joint, between 1st rib and sternum

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21
Q

Symphyses

A

Bones joined by a pad of fibrocartilage (good shock absorber)

Amphiarthoroses

22
Q

Synovial joint physiologically

A

All diarthroses (therefore more prone to injury– arthritis)

22
Q

Example of symphyses

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

23
Q

Synovial joint anatomically

A
  • Articular capsule
  • Joint cavity
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
  • Ligaments, nerves, blood vessels
24
Q

Layers of articular capsule

A
  • Outer fibrous layer
  • Inner synovial membrane
25
Q

Outer fibrous layer of articular capsule

A

Made of dense regular CT

26
Q

Inner synovial membranous layer of articular capsule

A

Secretes synovial fluid; Absorbs shock during compression of joint

27
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

28
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that covers articular surfaces in synovial joints

Prevents bone-on-bone contact

29
Q

Joint cavity AKA synovial cavity

A

Small space between bones to allow freedom of movement

30
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

Strengthen and reinforces articular capsule

31
Q

Nerves

A

Signals pain when a joint is overstretched

32
Q

Blood vessels

A

Nourishes tissue in the joint

33
Q

Synovial accessories

A

Synovial fluid-filled structures to reduce friction

34
Q

Types of synovial accessories

A
  • Bursae
  • Tendon sheath
  • Fibrocartilage **
  • only in some synovial joints
35
Q

Tendon

A

Connects bone to muscle

36
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs outside most synovial joints where ligaments, tendons, muscles, and/or bones rub

37
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

Elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined regions (e.g. wrist and ankle) where tendons rub against each other

38
Q

Fibrocartilage as an synovial accessory

A

Only in some synovial joints

Shock absorber

39
Q

Give an example of where you might find fibrocartilage as a synovial accessory

A

Meniscus/ menisci in knee

40
Q

Types of synovial joints (classification)

A
  • Categorized anatomically by shape of articulating surfaces
  • Categorized physiologically by number of movements allowed
41
Q

Physiological categories of synovial joints

A
  • Uniaxial: bone moves in one plane
  • Biaxial: bones move in two planes
  • Multiaxial: bone moves in more than one plane
42
Q

Synovial joint shapes - 6 types of synovial joints

A
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Ball-and-socket
  • Gliding/Plane
  • Saddle
  • Condylar
43
Q

Uniaxial synovial joint(s)

A
  • Gliding/plane
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
44
Q

Biaxial synovial joint(s)

A
  • Condylar
  • Saddle
45
Q

Multiaxial synovial joint(s)

A

Ball-and-socket

46
Q

Gliding/plane/planar joint

A

Two stacked flat, similarly sized surfaces glide or rotate on each other

e.g. intercarpal, intertarsal, between articular process of vertebrae

47
Q

Hinge joint

A

Allows flexion and extension

e.g. elbow, ankle, knee, temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Hinge joint of elbow prevents twisting of ulna

48
Q

Pivot joint

A

Rotation along long axis

e.g. between C1 and C2, proximal radioulnar joint (rotate elbow in protonation/supination)

Protonation (base of radius rotates over head of ulna; rotation so palm faces posteriorly) and supination (rotation so palm faces anteriorly)

49
Q

Condyloid/ condylar/ellipsoid joint

A

Ball-and-socket without rotation; flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (left right horizontal motion), circumduction (circular motion)

e.g. wrist waving hand without arm, metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joints (curl or spread toes)

think princess wave
abduction is moving away from the midline
adduction is moving toward the midline

50
Q

Saddle joint

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, limited rotation motion

Rotation is twist fixed on axis, circumduction is circular motion

only e.g. between 1st metacarpal (base of thumb) - allows opposable thumb

51
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, rotation

e.g. hip and shoulder

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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