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CH 9 Flashcards

Articulations

1
Q

Refers to joint or articulation

A

Arthro-

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2
Q

Articulation/ joint

A

Area where bone meets another tissue like another bone, cartilage, teeth

Not necessarily moveable! e.g. teeth

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3
Q

How are joints typically named?

A

By articulating bones

e.g. sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, radioulnar

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4
Q

Two ways joints are categorized

A
  • Physiologically
  • Anatomy
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5
Q

Physiological categorization of joints

A

By amount of movement possible

  • Synarthrosis
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • Diarthosis
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6
Q

Non-movable joint

A

Synarthroses

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7
Q

Slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthroses

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8
Q

Freely moveable joint

A

Diarthroses

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9
Q

Relationship between mobility and stability of a joint

A

Inversely proportional

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10
Q

Anatomical categorization of a joint

A

By structure of a joint

  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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11
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Collagen fibers (strong!) between bone and bone or bone and teeth

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12
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

1) Gomphoses
2) Sutures
3) Syndesmoses

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13
Q

Gomphoses joint

A

teeth to maxilla and mandible

synarthroses

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14
Q

Sutures

A

between skull bones

synarthroses

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15
Q

Syndesmoses

A

between parallel bones

amphiarthrosis

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16
Q

2 examples of syndesmosis joints

A
  • Radioulnar - between radius and ulna
  • Tibiofibular - between tibia and fibula
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17
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones attached by cartilage

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18
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A
  • Synchondroses
  • Symphyses
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19
Q

Synchondroses

A

Bone joined by hyaline cartilage (stiff!)

usually synarthroses

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20
Q

Examples of synchondroses

A

epiphyseal discs (temporary joint), costochondral joint, between 1st rib and sternum

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21
Q

Symphyses

A

Bones joined by a pad of fibrocartilage (good shock absorber)

Amphiarthoroses

22
Q

Synovial joint physiologically

A

All diarthroses (therefore more prone to injury– arthritis)

22
Q

Example of symphyses

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

23
Q

Synovial joint anatomically

A
  • Articular capsule
  • Joint cavity
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
  • Ligaments, nerves, blood vessels
24
Layers of articular capsule
- Outer fibrous layer - Inner synovial membrane
25
Outer fibrous layer of articular capsule
Made of dense regular CT
26
Inner synovial membranous layer of articular capsule
Secretes synovial fluid; Absorbs shock during compression of joint
27
Synovial fluid
Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage
28
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage that covers articular surfaces in synovial joints Prevents bone-on-bone contact
29
Joint cavity AKA synovial cavity
Small space between bones to allow freedom of movement
30
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone Strengthen and reinforces articular capsule
31
Nerves
Signals pain when a joint is overstretched
32
Blood vessels
Nourishes tissue in the joint
33
Synovial accessories
Synovial fluid-filled structures to reduce friction
34
Types of synovial accessories
- Bursae - Tendon sheath - Fibrocartilage ** * only in some synovial joints
35
Tendon
Connects bone to muscle
36
Bursae
Sacs outside most synovial joints where ligaments, tendons, muscles, and/or bones rub
37
Tendon sheaths
Elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined regions (e.g. wrist and ankle) where tendons rub against each other
38
Fibrocartilage as an synovial accessory
Only in some synovial joints Shock absorber
39
Give an example of where you might find fibrocartilage as a synovial accessory
Meniscus/ menisci in knee
40
Types of synovial joints (classification)
- Categorized anatomically by shape of articulating surfaces - Categorized physiologically by number of movements allowed
41
Physiological categories of synovial joints
- Uniaxial: bone moves in one plane - Biaxial: bones move in two planes - Multiaxial: bone moves in more than one plane
42
Synovial joint shapes - 6 types of synovial joints
- Hinge - Pivot - Ball-and-socket - Gliding/Plane - Saddle - Condylar
43
Uniaxial synovial joint(s)
- Gliding/plane - Hinge - Pivot
44
Biaxial synovial joint(s)
- Condylar - Saddle
45
Multiaxial synovial joint(s)
Ball-and-socket
46
Gliding/plane/planar joint
Two stacked flat, similarly sized surfaces glide or rotate on each other e.g. intercarpal, intertarsal, between articular process of vertebrae
47
Hinge joint
Allows flexion and extension e.g. elbow, ankle, knee, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Hinge joint of elbow prevents twisting of ulna
48
Pivot joint
Rotation along long axis e.g. between C1 and C2, proximal radioulnar joint (rotate elbow in protonation/supination) Protonation (base of radius rotates over head of ulna; rotation so palm faces posteriorly) and supination (rotation so palm faces anteriorly)
49
Condyloid/ condylar/ellipsoid joint
Ball-and-socket without rotation; flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (left right horizontal motion), circumduction (circular motion) e.g. wrist waving hand without arm, metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joints (curl or spread toes) think princess wave abduction is moving away from the midline adduction is moving toward the midline
50
Saddle joint
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, limited rotation motion Rotation is twist fixed on axis, circumduction is circular motion only e.g. between 1st metacarpal (base of thumb) - allows opposable thumb
51
Ball-and-socket joint
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, rotation e.g. hip and shoulder

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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