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ANATOMY > CH 1 > Flashcards

CH 1 Flashcards

Intro to anatomy, body systems, sections, planes, directional terms

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

Greek derivation of anatomy

A

To cut apart
Ana - separate
Tom - cut

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3
Q

Physiology

A

Study of function of body structures

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal equilibrium maintained by all organ systems working together

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5
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Examines structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye; includes cytology and histology

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6
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cell structure

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7
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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8
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

AKA macroscopic anatomy

Examines structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye

Includes:
- Systemic anatomy
- Regional anatomy
- Surface anatomy
- Embryology

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9
Q

Embryology

A

Study of developing structures in an embryo (during gestation, weeks 2-8)

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10
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Study of developing structures from conception to early adulthood/ maturity

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11
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of superficial structures (skin) on surface of the body in order to identify underlying anatomy

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12
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Study of gross anatomy of each organ system in the body

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13
Q

Tissue

A

Precise organizations of similar cells that perform the specialized functions

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14
Q

Organ

A

Two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

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15
Q

Highest level of structural organization in the body

A

Organismal level

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16
Q

How many body systems are there? What are they?

A

11
*12 if you consider male and female reproductive systems to be separate

Run Mrs. Lidec

R- reproductive
U - urinary
N - nervous

M - muscular
R - respiratory
S - skeletal

L - lympathic
I - integumentary
D - digestive
E - endocrine
C - cardiovascular

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17
Q

Integumentary system functions

A
  • Protection
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Site of cutaneous receptors
  • Synthesizes vitamin D
  • Prevents water loss
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18
Q

Skeletal system functions

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production)
  • Stores calcium and phosphorous
  • Site for muscle attachment
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19
Q

Muscular system functions

A
  • Provides body movement
  • Generates heat when muscles contract
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20
Q

Nervous system functions

A

As a regulatory body system:
- Controls body movement
- Responds to sensory stimuli
- Controls other body systems
- Responsible for consciousness, memory, intelligence

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21
Q

Endocrine system functions

A

Consists of cell clusters and glands that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in body, and reproductive functions

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22
Q

Cardiovascular system functions

A
  • Consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels
  • Heart moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases and pick up waste products
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23
Q

Lymphatic system functions

A
  • Transports and filters lymph (interstitial [fluid found between cells] fluid transported through lymph vessels)
  • Initiates immune response when necessary
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24
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Gas exchange of oxygen and CO2 between blood and air in the lungs

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25
Q

Digestive system function

A
  • Mechanically and chemically breaks down food
  • Absorbs nutrients
  • Expels waste products
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26
Q

Urinary system functions

A

Filters blood, removes waste products from blood
by concentrating into urine and expelling out of the body

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27
Q

Male reproductive system function

A
  • Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones (e.g. testosterone)
  • Transfers sperm to female
28
Q

Female reproductive system function

A
  • Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones (e.g. estrogen and progesterone)
  • Site of fertilization of oocyte after receiving sperm from male
  • Site of development of embryo and fetus
  • Produces and secretes breast milk for nourishing newborns
29
Q

Section

A

Real cuts or slices through a structure to examine internal anatomy

30
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary cut passing through the body or an organ to examine internal anatomy

31
Q

Coronal plane

AKA frontal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the plane into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

32
Q

Transverse plane

AKA cross-sectional or horizontal plane

A

Plane cutting perpendicularly that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

33
Q

Midsagittal plane

AKA Median plane

A

Plane extending through the body vertically and divides the body into right and left halves

34
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Plane dividing the structure into right and left halves that may or may not be equal

35
Q

Oblique planes

A

Minor planes that pass through the specimen at an angle

36
Q

Anatomic position

A

-Individual stands upright with feet parallel and flat to the floor
- Head is level
- Eyes looking forward
- Arms at side of the body with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

37
Q

Anterior

A

In front of; toward the front surface

38
Q

Posterior

A

In back of; toward the back system

39
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back side of human body (analogous to posterior)

40
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the front side of the human body (analogous to anterior)

41
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

42
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

43
Q

Caudal

A

At the rear or tail end

44
Q

Cranial (cephalic)

A

At the head end

45
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

46
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

47
Q

Deep

A

On the inside, internal to

48
Q

Superficial

A

On the outside, external to

49
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to point of attachment on the trunk

50
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from point of attachment on the trunk

51
Q

Two major regions

A

Axial (head, neck, trunk/torso)
Appendicular

52
Q

Two cavities that compose the posterior aspect/ dorsal body cavities

A

Cranial cavity AKA endocranium: enclosed by the cranium (bones that enclose the brain)

Vertebral cavity: formed by the bones of the vertebral column that contains the spinal column

53
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Large, anteriorly placed cavity

54
Q

Two cavities that compose the ventral cavity

A

Superior thoracic

Inferior abdominopelvic

55
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Thoracic diaphragm

56
Q

Serous membranes line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities that are not open to the outside. Function(s)?

A

Secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction between organs as they slide against each other

57
Q

How many and what layers comprise serous membranes?

A

2; a parietal layer that lines the inside and a visceral layer that lines the external surface of organs

58
Q

Potential space

A

Space between layers that are capable of becoming larger cavities

Between the visceral and parietal serous layers is the serous cavity

59
Q

3 serous membranes/ cavities

A

Pericardial: around heart
Peritoneal: around abdominal organs
Pleural: around lungs

60
Q

What cavities comprise the abdominopelvic region?

A

Abdominal cavity that is superior to the pelvic brim
Pelvic cavity that is inferior to the pelvic brim

61
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions

A
  • Right hypochondriac
  • Epigastric
  • Left hypochondriac
  • Right lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Left lumbar
  • Right iliac
  • Hypogastric
  • Left iliac
62
Q

4 abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

63
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

64
Q

Popliteal

A

Area posterior to the knees

65
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm (between elbow and wrist)

66
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (between shoulder and elbow)

67
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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