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ANATOMY > CH 7 > Flashcards

CH 7 Flashcards

Axial skeleton

1
Q

Articular surfaces

A
  • Condyle
  • Facet
  • Head
  • Trochlea
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2
Q

Process

A

Anything that sticks out

Can be flat, etc.

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3
Q

Condyle

A

Round process that forms joint

Large, smooth, round, ovalular

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4
Q

Facet

A

Small, flat, shallow, articulating surface

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5
Q

Head

A

Round part that joins joint

Prominent, rounded epiphysis

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6
Q

Trochlea

A

Smooth, grooved, pulley-like articular process

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7
Q

Depressions

A
  • Alveolus
  • Fossa
  • Sulcus
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8
Q

Alveolus/ alveoli

A

Deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

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9
Q

Fossa/ fossae

A

Flattened or shallow depression

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10
Q

Sulcus

A

Narrow groove

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11
Q

Openings and spaces

A
  • Canal
  • Fissure
  • Foramen
  • Sinus
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12
Q

Canal/ meatus

A

Passageway through a bone (tunnel)

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13
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slitlike opening through a bone

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14
Q

Foramen/ foramina

A

Rounded passageway through bone (hole)

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15
Q

What travels through foramina?

A

Supply of blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity or hollow space in bone

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17
Q

Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

A
  • Crest
  • Epicondyle
  • Line
  • Process
  • Ramus
  • Spine
  • Trochanter
  • Tubercle
  • Tuberosity
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18
Q

Crest

A

Narrow, prominent ridgelike projection

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19
Q

Epicondyle

A

Projection adjacent to a condyle

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20
Q

Line

A

Low ridge

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21
Q

Process

A

Any marked bony prominence (anything that sticks out)

Can be flat, etc.

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22
Q

Ramus/ rami

A

Angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

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23
Q

Spine

A

Pointed, slender process

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24
Q

Trochanter

A

Massive, rough projection found only on the femur

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25
Q

Tubercle

A

Small, rounded projection

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26
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, rough projection

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27
Q

Number of bones in a human skeleton

A

206

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28
Q

2 categories of a skeleton

A
  • Axial
  • Appendicular
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29
Q

Axial

A

Head, neck, trunk

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30
Q

Appendicular

A

Appendages, extremities

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31
Q

Number of bones in the axial skeleton

A

80

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32
Q

Components of the axial skeleton

A
  • Skull
  • Skull associated bones
  • Vertebral column
  • Thoracic cage
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33
Q

Number of bones in the skull

A

22

8 cranial
14 facial

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34
Q

Number of skull related bones

A

7

Auditory ossicles: malleus (2), incus (2), stapes (2)
Hyoid (1)

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35
Q

Number of bones in the vertebral column

A

26

24 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar)
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

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36
Q

Number of bones in the thoracic cage

A

25

24 ribs, 1 sternum

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37
Q

Categories of the skull bones

A
  • Facial
  • Cranial
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38
Q

Number of facial bones

A

14

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39
Q

Number of cranial bones

A

8

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40
Q

Cranial bones

A
  • Frontal (1)
  • Parietal (2)
  • Temporal (2)
  • Occipital (1)
  • Sphenoid (1)
  • Ethmoid (1)
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41
Q

Frontal bone parts

A
  • Supraorbital margin
  • Frontal sinus
  • Orbital plate
  • Glabella
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42
Q

The frontal bone forms the ___________

A

forehead, calvaria, roof of orbits

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43
Q

Calvaria

A

AKA skull cap

Uppermost portion of the skull

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44
Q

Orbits

A

Eye sockets, bony cavities that hold and protect the eyes

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45
Q

Glabella

A

In between the orbits, superior to the nasal bones

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46
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

Forms the protective superior border of orbit

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47
Q

Orbital part/plate

A

Forms roof of the orbit

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48
Q

Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air, give resonance to voice

A

Frontal sinuses

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49
Q
  • Squamous portion
  • Petrous portion
  • Mastoid process
  • Styloid process
  • Stylomastoid foramen
  • Zygomatic process
  • External auditory meatus
  • Mandibular fossa
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Carotid canal
A

Temporal bones

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50
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form inferior lateral wall and part of cranial floor

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51
Q

Squamous part/portion

A

Attachment site for scalp muscles

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52
Q

Petrous portion

A

Protects sensory structures in the inner ear

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53
Q

Mastoid process

A

Attachment site for some neck muscles to extend or rotate the head

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54
Q

Styloid process

A

Attachment site for hyoid bone ligaments and muscles

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55
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Lies between the mastoid process and styloid process

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56
Q

Zygomatic processes

A

Articulates with the zygomatic bones to form the zygomatic arch

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57
Q

External auditory meatus

A

External auditory canal (think outer ear hole, really more of a tunnel)

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58
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Articulates with the mandible inferior to the base of the zygomatic processes

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59
Q

Internal acoustic/auditory meatus/canal

A

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves to and from the inner ear

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60
Q

Carotid canal

A

Transmits the inner carotid artery; medial to styloid process

(think inner ear hole that has the carotid artery)

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61
Q

Occipital bone parts

A
  • Occipital condyle
  • Foramen magnum
  • Hypoglossal canal
  • External occipital protuberance
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62
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms posterior portion of the skull

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63
Q

Occipital condyle

A

Smooth knobs that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

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64
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large, circular opening where the spinal cord passes through

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65
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Canal where the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) extends to supply the tongue muscles

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66
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Attachment of muscles that move the head

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67
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Butterfly shaped bone

68
Q

The sphenoid bone is AKA as ___________. Why?

A

Bridging bone, keystone of the skull; unites cranial and facial bones and articulates it with almost every other bone of the skull

69
Q
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Body
  • Greater wings
  • Lesser wings
  • Sella turcica/ Turk’s saddle
  • Sphenoid sinus
  • Pterygoid process
  • Optic foramen/ canal
A

Sphenoid bone

70
Q

Foramen of Turk’s Saddle in order (superior to inferior)

A

Foramen rotundum (round)
Foramen ovale (oval)
Foramen spinosum (small)

71
Q

Body

A

Thick, medial part of the sphenoid that houses sphenoid sinuses

72
Q

Greater wings

A

Forms part of the middle cranial fossa and orbit

73
Q

Lesser wings

A

Forms part of the anterior cranial fossa, contains optic canal

74
Q

Optic foramen/canal

A

Houses the optic nerve (CN II)

75
Q

Sella turcica/ Turk’s saddle

A

Houses pituitary gland

76
Q

Sphenoid sinus

A

Moistened inhaled air, give resonance to voice

77
Q

Pterygoid process

A

Vertical processes that begin the boundary between greater and lesser wings

78
Q

Ethmoid bone parts

A
  • Horizontal/ cribriform plate
  • Crista galli
  • Olfactory formina (cribriform formina)
  • Lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinths)
    -Ethmoidal sinuses/ air cells
  • Superior and middle nasal concha
  • Perpendicular plate
79
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Irregularly shaped bone located between the orbits

80
Q

Horizontal/ cribriform plate

A

Transmits olfactory nerves

81
Q

Crista galli

A

Attachment site for cranial dural septa to help stabilize the brain in the skull, superior midsagittal elevation of the ethmoid bone

Bony crest that is the point of attachment for the falx celbri, a membranous sheet that helps stabilize the brain

82
Q

Olfactory foramina/ cribriform formina

A

Perforations of the cribriform/ horizontal plate

83
Q

Lateral masses (ethmoidal labyrinth)

A

Contain ethmoidal sinuses and nasal conchae

84
Q

Ethmoid sinuses/ air cells

A

Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air, give resonance to voice

85
Q

Superior and middle nasal conchae

A

Thin “scroll-like” bones that partially compose ethmoidal labyrinths

Increase airflow turbulence in nasal cavity so air is adequately moistened and cleaned by nasal mucosa

86
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Forms the superior part of the nasal septum

87
Q

Parietal bone

A

Forms the lateral wall and roof of the cranium

88
Q

Facial bones

A
  • Nasal bones (2)
  • Maxillary bones/ maxillae (2)
  • Lacrimal bones (2)
  • Zygomatic bones (2)
  • Palatine bones (2)
  • Inferior nasal conchae (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Mandible (1)
89
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form the bridge of the nose

90
Q

Maxillae

A

Form the upper jaw and anterior 2/3 of the hard palate

91
Q

Maxillae components

A
  • Alveolar margin/ process
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Palatine process
92
Q

Alveolar margin/process

A

House the upper teeth, covers the alveoli and roots of the teeth and medially in the mandible

93
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Large, spacious cavity that lightens bone

94
Q

Palatine process

A

Medial extension of maxillae that forms most of the hard palate (boney)

95
Q

Palatine bone

A

Distinctly L-shaped bones that form part of the hard palate, nasal cavity, and eye orbit

96
Q

____________ of the palatine bone forms the posterior part of the hard palate

A

Horizontal plate

97
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Small paired bones that form the medial wall of each orbit

98
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheekbones

99
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Curved bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Create turbulence in inhaled air

100
Q

Vomer

A

Triangle shaped bone that forms inferior and posterior parts of the nasal septum

101
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw, supports inferior teeth and provide attachment for muscles of mastication

102
Q

Mandible parts

A
  • Body
  • Ramus
  • Condyle
  • Alveolar process
  • Mandibular foramen
  • Mental foramen
  • Coronoid process
  • Angle
  • Mandibular notch
103
Q

Body of the mandible is horizontal/vertical

A

Horizontal

104
Q

Ramus/ rami

A

Vertical to oblique ascending posterior regions of the mandible

105
Q

Mandibular condyle/ condylar process of the mandible

A

Head of the mandible, posterior projection of each ramus that articulates with the temporal bone

106
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves that innervate the inferior teeth

107
Q

Mental foramen

A

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves that innervate each side of the chin

108
Q

Coronoid process

A

Insertion point for the temporalis muscle that closes the mouth

109
Q

Angle

A

Corner where the ramus insects the mandible body

110
Q

Mandibular notch

A

U-shaped depression between the condylar process and coronoid process

111
Q

Nasal septum is formed by what?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer

112
Q

Hard palate

A

Roof of the mouth

Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone

113
Q

Sultural bones are AKA as ___________

A

wormian bones

114
Q

Sultural/ wormian bones

A

Extra bones that are variable from person to person

Formed by occipital and parietal bones

115
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Inside nasal cavities

AKA turbonates

Create turbonal air flow

Separate facial bone

116
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joints between skull bones

117
Q

4 major sutures

A
  • Lambdoid
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Squamous
118
Q

Coronal suture

A

Immovable joints between the frontal and parietal bones

119
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Immovable joints between the occipital and parietal bones

120
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Immovable joints between the parietal bones

121
Q

Squamous suture

A

Immovable joints between the temporal and parietal bones

122
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Air filled spaces lined with respiratory ET (pseudostratified ciliated columnar)

123
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A
  • Give resonance to voice
  • Lighten the skull
124
Q

How many bones have sinuses? What are they?

A

4
- Frontal
- Ethmoidal
- Sphenoidal
- Maxillary

125
Q

The orbit is formed by ______ bones

A

7

126
Q

In addition to bone, what do the orbits contain?

A

Muscles that move the eye

127
Q

Parts of the orbit

A
  • Roof
  • Floor
  • Lateral wall
  • Medial wall
128
Q

Bones that compose the roof of the orbit

A
  • Lesser wing of the sphenoid
  • Orbital part of the frontal
129
Q

Bones that compose the lateral wall of the orbit

A
  • Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Zygomatic process of the frontal bone
  • Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone
130
Q

Bones that compose the medial wall of the orbit

A
  • Frontal process of the maxilla
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Orbital plate of the ethmoid bone
131
Q

Bones that compose the floor of the orbit

A
  • Orbital process of the palatine bone
  • Orbital surface of the maxilla
  • Zygomatic bone
132
Q

7 bones that compose the orbit

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Zygomatic
  • Palatine
  • Maxilla
133
Q

Bones associated with the skull

A
  • Hyoid
  • Ear ossicles
134
Q

Ear ossicles

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
135
Q

Hyoid

A

Muscle and ligament attachment that doesn’t articulate with other bones

136
Q

Location of the hyoid

A

Inferior to the mandible

137
Q

Parts of the hyoid

A
  • Body
  • Greater cornu
  • Lesser cornu
138
Q

Fontanelles

A

Allow for the compression of the skull during childbirth

Allows for growth of skull and the brain

139
Q

4 major fontanelles

A
  • Anterior/frontal
  • Anterolateral/sphenoid
  • Posterolateral/mastoid
  • Posterior/ occipital
140
Q

Vertebral column

A

Composed of 26 vertebrae, 2 of which are fused segments

141
Q

3 regions of the 24 individual vertebrae

A
  • Cervical (7)
  • Thoracic (12)
  • Lumbar (5)
142
Q

2 fused vertebrae

A

Sacrum (5 segments) and coccyx (4 segments)

143
Q

Parts of a typical vertebra

A
  • Body
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  • Superior and inferior articular facet
  • Lamina
  • Pedicle
  • Intervertebral foramen (in between vertebrae)
144
Q

C1 is AKA

A

atlas

144
Q

C1 articulates with _________

A

condyles of the occipital bone

145
Q

Only vertebrae that lacks a body

A

C1

146
Q

C2 is AKA

A

axis

147
Q

C2 defining feature

A

Odontoid process or dens that acts as an axis of rotation

148
Q

Parts of sacrum

A
  • Sacral canal
  • Sacrum hiatus
  • Dorsal and ventral sacral foramina
  • Median sacral crest
  • Body
  • Promontory
  • Superior articular facets
  • Auricular surfaces
149
Q

Types of curvature

A

Primary
Secondary

150
Q

Primary curvature

A

Born with when in fetal position

e.g. thoracic, sacral

151
Q

Secondary/ acquired curvature

A

Not born with

e.g. cervical, lumbar

152
Q

4 normal vertebral curvature

A
  • Cervical
  • Lumbar
  • Thoracic
  • Sacral
153
Q

Ribs

A

True ribs/ vertebrosternal (1-7) - attach directly to sternum
False ribs (8-12): vertebrochondral (8-10) (attach indirectly to sternum), floating ribs/ vertebral (11-12) (do not attach to sternum)

154
Q

Sternum is comprised of what 3 parts that fuse at approximately 40 years of age

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body/ Gladiolus
  • Xiphoid process
155
Q

Sternal angle is AKA as

A

Angle of Louis

156
Q

Jugular notch is AKA as

A

Suprasternal notch

157
Q

T or F: Men and women all have 12 pairs of ribs

A

True

158
Q

All ribs articulate posteriorly with ______ vertebrae

A

thoracic

Articulates at the costal facet

159
Q

Rib structure

A
  • Tubercle
  • Shaft
  • Head
  • Neck
    -Angle
160
Q

Nare

A

Nostril

161
Q

Choana/ internal/ posterior nare

A

Opening into the nasal cavity

162
Q

Zygomatic arch is formed by what bones?

A

Zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone

163
Q

Temporal lines (superior and inferior)

A

Lines on the parietal bone and squamous part of the frontal bone

164
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Between temporal and occipital bone

165
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Between petrous part of the temporal bone, sphenoid, and occipital bone

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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