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ANATOMY > CH 8 > Flashcards

CH 8 Flashcards

Appendicular skeleton

1
Q

Number of bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

126 (63 on each side of body)

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2
Q

Bones of Appendicular Skeleton

A
  • Pectoral girdle (2 each girdle, 4 total)
  • Upper limb bones (30 each, 60 total)
  • Pelvic girdle (1 each girdle, 2 total)
  • Lower limb bones (30 each, 60 total)
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3
Q

Pectoral girdle (AKA shoulder girdle) bones

A
  • Clavicle (2)
  • Scapula (2)
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4
Q

Upper limb bones

A
  • Humerus (2)
  • Radius (2)
  • Ulna (2)
  • Carpals (16)
  • Metacarpals (10)
  • Phalanges (28)
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5
Q

Pelvic girdle bones

A

Os coxae (2)

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6
Q

The os coxae is formed by the fusion of what 3 bones in early adolescence?

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

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7
Q

Lower limb bones

A
  • Femur (2)
  • Patella (2)
  • Tibia (2)
  • Fibula (2)
  • Tarsals (14)
  • Metatarsals (10)
  • Phalanges (28)
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8
Q

Clavicle

A

S- shaped bone that articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and laterally with the acromion of the scapula

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9
Q

Scapula

A
  • Lateral/ axillary border
  • Medial/ vertebral border
  • Superior border
  • Inferior angle
  • Superior angle
  • Spine
  • Acromion process
  • Coracoid process
  • Subscapular fossa
  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Infraspinous fossa
  • Glenoid cavity/ fossa
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10
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the brachium (upper arm)

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11
Q

Parts of the humerus

A
  • Head
  • Greater and lesser tubercle
  • Surgical and anatomical necks
  • Deltoid tuberosity
  • Intertubercular groove/ sulcus
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Olecranon fossa
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Medial and lateral epicondyles

Head faces medially

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12
Q

Bone(s) of the antebranchium (forearm)

A

Radius and ulna

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13
Q

Parts of the radius

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Styloid process
  • Ulnar notch

*radius is lateral, ulna is medial

styloid process is lateral, use to determine L/R

look at head to distinguish from ulna or other bones

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14
Q

Parts of the ulna

A
  • Olecranon process
  • Coronoid process
  • Trochlear/semilunar notch
  • Radial notch
  • Styloid process
  • Head
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15
Q

Carpus/ carpal bones

A

Wrist bones

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16
Q

How many carpal bones do we have?

A

8

2 rows (1 proximal, 1 distal) of 4

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17
Q

Bones of the carpus

A

Left to right is lateral to medial (start at thumb)
Proximal row: Sally Left The Party
Distal row: To Take Cathy Home

scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform
trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

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18
Q

Metacarpal

A

Palm bones

Arranged in a row

Numbered 1 to 5 (lateral to medial)

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19
Q

Phalange bones

A

28 phalanges in hands, 28 in feet

Proximal phalanx (10), middle phalanx (8), distal phalanx (10)

In thumb (pollex), no middle phalanx

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20
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Left and right pelvic bones

21
Q

Articulated pelvis

A

2 pelvic bones and sacrum

22
Q

Parts of the pelvic/ innominate/ coxal bones

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
  • Acetabulum
  • Obturator foramen
23
Q

Ilium parts

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Anterior inferior iliac spine
  • Posterior superior iliac spine
  • Posterior inferior iliac spine
  • Greater sciatic notch
  • Iliac fossa
  • Auricular surface
24
Q

Ischium

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ischial spine
  • Ischial ramus
25
Q

Pubis

A
  • Superior and inferior pubic rami
  • Pubic crest
26
Q

Articulated pelvis

A
  • Pelvic inlet
  • Pelvic outlet
  • Greater/false pelvis
  • Lesser/true pelvis
27
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis

A
  • Pelvis is the most reliable indicator of sex

Differences in orientation of iliac crest, shape of pubic inlet, subpubic angle (pubic arch)

Female pelvis is wider (for childbirth), >90 degree pubic angle
Also rectangular pubic body, triangular obturator angle, wider greater sciatic notch

28
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone

29
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

30
Q

Tibia and Fibula

A

Bones of the crular region (leg)

31
Q

Tarsal

A

Bones of ankle and proximal foot

7 in each foot

32
Q

Metatarsal

A

Bones of the sole of the foot

5 in each foot, number 1-5 medial to lateral

33
Q

Phalanges of the foot

A

14 phalanges per foot in the toes

34
Q

Parts of the femur

A
  • Head
  • Greater and lesser trochanters
  • Linea Aspera
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Medial and lateral condyles
  • Medial and lateral epicondyles
  • Intercondylar fossa/ notch

Head points medially

35
Q

Tibia

A
  • Medial and lateral condyles
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Anterior crest
  • Medial malleus

Medial malleus is medial. Anterior crest shows anteriorly. Tibial tuberosity is anterior.

36
Q

Fibula

A
  • Head
  • Lateral malleolus

Head is bigger end

37
Q

Relationship of tibia and fibula

A

Fibia (thinner bone) lateral
Tibia (thicker bone) medial

38
Q

Patella parts

A
  • Apex - pointed part
  • Base - broad superior border (flat)

Rounded part is anterior
Apex points down

39
Q

How does the patella articulate?

A

To the patellar surface of the femur

40
Q

Tarsals/ Tarsus

A
  • Calcaneus- largest, forms heel
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Cuneiform- medial, intermediate, and lateral or numbered 1-3 medial to lateral

Navicular is medial to cuboid
Cuneiform bones most distal of the tarsals

41
Q

Great toe

A

Hallux

42
Q

Phalanges of foot

A

14 per foot

Metatarsals 2-5 have 3 phalanges: proximal, middle, distal

Metatarsal 1 has 2 phalanges: proximal and distal

43
Q

How does the numbering of the metacarpals and metatarsals differ?

A

Metacarpals numbered lateral to medial
Metatarsals are numbered medial to lateral

44
Q

Why is the foot arched?

A

To prevent pinching of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

45
Q

3 major foot arches

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Transverse
46
Q

Medial foot arch

A

from heel to hallux; highest arch

47
Q

Lateral foot arch

A

from heel to 5th toe; lowest arch

48
Q

Transverse foot arch

A

perpendicular to other arches; along distal row of tarsals

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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