Ch 8 section 2

Question 1

it is useful to classify reactions according to

Answer 1

various similarities and regularities

Question 2

there are several ways to classify chemical reactions, and none are entirely

Answer 2

satisfactory

Question 3

in a synthesis reaction (composition reaction) two or more substances combine to

Answer 3

form a new compound

Question 4

synthesis reaction: A + X→

Answer 4

AX

Question 5

A and X can be

Answer 5

elements or compounds, AX is a compound

Question 6

almost all metals react with oxygen to form

Answer 6

oxides

Question 7

the group 1 and group 2 elements react similarly with sulfur, forming

Answer 7

sulfides with formulas M2S and MS

Question 8

some metals combine with oxygen to produce

Answer 8

two different oxides

Question 9

the particular oxide formed depends on the conditions surrounding the

Answer 9

reactants

Question 10

nonmetals also undergo synthesis reactions with oxygen to form

Answer 10

oxides

Question 11

most metals react with halogens to form either

Answer 11

ionic or covalent ompounds

Question 12

the halogens undergo synthesis reactions with many different

Answer 12

metals

Question 13

fluorine in particular is so reactive that it combines with almost

Answer 13

all metals

Question 14

sodium fluoride is added to water supplies in trace amounts to

Answer 14

provide fluoride ions which help prevent tooth decay in people who drink the water

Question 15

active metals are highly

Answer 15

reactive metals

Question 16

oxides of active metals react with

Answer 16

water to produce metal hydroxides

Question 17

many oxides of nonmetals in the upper right portion of the periodic table react with water to produce

Answer 17

oxyacids

Question 18

sulfurous acid further reacts with oxygen to form sulfuric acid, one of the main ingredients in

Answer 18

acid rain

Question 19

certain metal oxides and nonmetal oxides react with oeach other in synthesis reacts to

Answer 19

form salts

Question 20

in a decomposition reaction, a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces

Answer 20

two or more simpler substances

Question 21

decomposition reactions are the oppposite of

Answer 21

synthesisreactions

Question 22

decomposition reaction AX→

Answer 22

A+X

Question 23

Most decomposition reactions take place only when energy in the form of

Answer 23

electricity or heat is added

Question 24

the simplest kind of decomposition reaction is the decomposition of a

Answer 24

binary compound into its elements

Question 25

the decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called

Answer 25

electrolysis

Question 26

oxides of the less active metals decompose into their

Answer 26

elements when heated

Question 27

when a metal carbonate is heated, it breaks down to produce a

Answer 27

metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas

Question 28

all metal hydroxides except those containing group 1 metals decompose when heated to yield

Answer 28

metal oxides and water

Question 29

when a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to produce a

Answer 29

metal chloride and oxygen

Question 30

certain acids decompose into

Answer 30

nonetals and water

Question 31

in a single-displacement reaction (replacement reaction) one element replaces a

Answer 31

similar element in a compound

Question 32

many single displacement reactions take place in

Answer 32

aqueous solution

Question 33

the amount of energy involved in this typ eof reaction is usually smaller than the amount involved in

Answer 33

synthesis or decomposition reactions

Question 34

single displacement reactions
A+BX→
Y+BX→

Answer 34

AX+B

BY+X

Question 35

the most active metals react vigorously with water to produce

Answer 35

metal hydroxides and hydrogen

Question 36

less active metals react with steam to from a

Answer 36

metal oxide and hydrogen gas

Question 37

the more active metals react with certain acidic solutions, replacing the

Answer 37

hydrogen in the acid

Question 38

the reaction products (displacement of hydrogen in acid by metal) are a metal

Answer 38

compound (salt) and hydrogen gas

Question 39

in another type of single-displacement reaction one halogen replaces

Answer 39

another halogen in a compound

Question 40

fluorine can replace any of the other halogens in their

Answer 40

compounds

Question 41

each halogen is less active than the one above it in the p

Answer 41

periodic table

Question 42

in double displacement reactions the ions of two compound exchange

Answer 42

places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds

Question 43

one of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, or a

Answer 43

molecular compound

Question 44

double displacement reaction

AX+BY→

Answer 44

AY+BX

Question 45

the formation of a precipitate occurs when the cations of one reactant combine with the

Answer 45

anions of another reactant to form an insoluble or slightly soluble compound

Question 46

in some double displacement reations one of the products is an insoluble gas that

Answer 46

bubbles out of the mixture

Question 47

in some double dis. reactions a very stable molecular compound is

Answer 47

one of the products

Question 48

in a combustion reaction, a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a

Answer 48

large amount of energy in the form of light and heat