Ch 8 section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

it is useful to classify reactions according to

A

various similarities and regularities

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2
Q

there are several ways to classify chemical reactions, and none are entirely

A

satisfactory

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3
Q

in a synthesis reaction (composition reaction) two or more substances combine to

A

form a new compound

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4
Q

synthesis reaction: A + X→

A

AX

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5
Q

A and X can be

A

elements or compounds, AX is a compound

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6
Q

almost all metals react with oxygen to form

A

oxides

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7
Q

the group 1 and group 2 elements react similarly with sulfur, forming

A

sulfides with formulas M2S and MS

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8
Q

some metals combine with oxygen to produce

A

two different oxides

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9
Q

the particular oxide formed depends on the conditions surrounding the

A

reactants

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10
Q

nonmetals also undergo synthesis reactions with oxygen to form

A

oxides

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11
Q

most metals react with halogens to form either

A

ionic or covalent ompounds

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12
Q

the halogens undergo synthesis reactions with many different

A

metals

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13
Q

fluorine in particular is so reactive that it combines with almost

A

all metals

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14
Q

sodium fluoride is added to water supplies in trace amounts to

A

provide fluoride ions which help prevent tooth decay in people who drink the water

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15
Q

active metals are highly

A

reactive metals

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16
Q

oxides of active metals react with

A

water to produce metal hydroxides

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17
Q

many oxides of nonmetals in the upper right portion of the periodic table react with water to produce

A

oxyacids

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18
Q

sulfurous acid further reacts with oxygen to form sulfuric acid, one of the main ingredients in

A

acid rain

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19
Q

certain metal oxides and nonmetal oxides react with oeach other in synthesis reacts to

A

form salts

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20
Q

in a decomposition reaction, a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces

A

two or more simpler substances

21
Q

decomposition reactions are the oppposite of

A

synthesisreactions

22
Q

decomposition reaction AX→

23
Q

Most decomposition reactions take place only when energy in the form of

A

electricity or heat is added

24
Q

the simplest kind of decomposition reaction is the decomposition of a

A

binary compound into its elements

25
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called
electrolysis
26
oxides of the less active metals decompose into their
elements when heated
27
when a metal carbonate is heated, it breaks down to produce a
metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas
28
all metal hydroxides except those containing group 1 metals decompose when heated to yield
metal oxides and water
29
when a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to produce a
metal chloride and oxygen
30
certain acids decompose into
nonetals and water
31
in a single-displacement reaction (replacement reaction) one element replaces a
similar element in a compound
32
many single displacement reactions take place in
aqueous solution
33
the amount of energy involved in this typ eof reaction is usually smaller than the amount involved in
synthesis or decomposition reactions
34
single displacement reactions A+BX→ Y+BX→
AX+B | BY+X
35
the most active metals react vigorously with water to produce
metal hydroxides and hydrogen
36
less active metals react with steam to from a
metal oxide and hydrogen gas
37
the more active metals react with certain acidic solutions, replacing the
hydrogen in the acid
38
the reaction products (displacement of hydrogen in acid by metal) are a metal
compound (salt) and hydrogen gas
39
in another type of single-displacement reaction one halogen replaces
another halogen in a compound
40
fluorine can replace any of the other halogens in their
compounds
41
each halogen is less active than the one above it in the p
periodic table
42
in double displacement reactions the ions of two compound exchange
places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds
43
one of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, or a
molecular compound
44
double displacement reaction | AX+BY→
AY+BX
45
the formation of a precipitate occurs when the cations of one reactant combine with the
anions of another reactant to form an insoluble or slightly soluble compound
46
in some double displacement reations one of the products is an insoluble gas that
bubbles out of the mixture
47
in some double dis. reactions a very stable molecular compound is
one of the products
48
in a combustion reaction, a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a
large amount of energy in the form of light and heat