Ch 11 Section 2

Question 1

Robert Boyle discovered that gas pressure and volume are

Answer 1

related mathematically

Question 2

the observations of Boyle and others led to the development of the

Answer 2

gas laws

Question 3

the gas laws are simple mathematical relationships between the

Answer 3

volume, temperature, pressure, and amount of a gas

Question 4

Robert Boyle discovered that doubling the pressure on a sample of gas at constant temperature reduces its

Answer 4

volume by one-half

Question 5

reducing the pressure on a gas by one-half allows the volume of the gas to

Answer 5

double

Question 6

the pressure of a gas is caused by moving molecules hitting the

Answer 6

container walls

Question 7

if volume of container is decreased but same number of gas molecules is present at the same temperature then there will be more molecules per

Answer 7

unit volume

Question 8

the number of collisions with a given unit of wall area per unit time will …. and therefore…

Answer 8

increase as a result; pressure will also increase

Question 9

plotting values of volume versus pressure for a gas at constant temperature gives a

Answer 9

curve

Question 10

the general-volume pressure relationship illustrated is called

Answer 10

boyle’s law

Question 11

boyle’s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at

Answer 11

constant temperature

Question 12

Boyle’s la can be expressed as : PV=

Answer 12

k

Question 13

P is

Answer 13

pressure

Question 14

V is

Answer 14

volume

Question 15

k is a

Answer 15

constant

Question 16

Since P and V vary inversely, their product remains the

Answer 16

same

Question 17

because two quantities that are equal to the same thing are equal to each other, the relationship between changes of pressure and volume can be expressed as: P1V1 =

Answer 17

P2V2

Question 18

P1 and V1 are

Answer 18

initial conditions

Question 19

P2 and P2 are a

Answer 19

different set of conditions

Question 20

given three of the four values P1, V1, P2, and V2, you can use this equation to calculate the fourth value for a

Answer 20

system at constant temperature

Question 21

if pressure is constant, gases expand when

Answer 21

heated

Question 22

when temperature increases, the volume of a fixed number of gas molecules must increase if the pressure is to

Answer 22

stay constant

Question 23

at the higher temperature, the gas molecules move

Answer 23

faster

Question 24

they collide with the walls of the container more frequently and with more

Answer 24

force

Question 25

the volume of a flexible container must then increase in order for the pressure to

Answer 25

remain the same

Question 26

the quantitative relationship between volume and temperature was discovered by the French scientist

Answer 26

Jacques charles in 1787

Question 27

Charles's experiments showed that all gases expand to the same extent when heated through the

Answer 27

same temperature interval

Question 28

charles found that the volume changes by 1/273 of the original volume for each

Answer 28

celsius degree, at constant pressure and initial temp of 0 degrees celsius

Question 29

the same regularity of volume change occurs if a gas is cooled at

Answer 29

constant pressure

Question 30

the kelvin temperature scale is a scale that starts at a temperature corresponding to

Answer 30

-273.15 degrees celsius

Question 31

-273.15 degrees celsius is the lowest one

Answer 31

possible

Question 32

the temperature -273.15 degrees celsius is referred to as absolute zero and is given a value of

Answer 32

zero in the Kelvin scale

Question 33

K =

Answer 33

273.15 + degrees C

Question 34

gas volume and kelvin temperature are

Answer 34

directly proportional to each other at constant pressure

Question 35

charles's law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the

Answer 35

Kelvin temperature

Question 36

charles's law: V = k=

Answer 36

V = kT V/T= k

Question 37

the value of T is the

Answer 37

kelvin temperature

Question 38

The ratio V/T for any set of volume-temperature values always equals the same

Answer 38

k

Question 39

the form of charles's law that can be applied directly to most volume temperature problems involving gases is:

Answer 39

V1/ T1 = V2/ T2

Question 40

V1 and T1 represent

Answer 40

initial conditions

Question 41

V2 and T2 represent a

Answer 41

different set of conditions

Question 42

when 3 of the 4 values T1, V1, T2, and V2 are known, the equation can be used to calculate the fourth value for a

Answer 42

system at constant pressure

Question 43

the energy and frequency of collisions depend on the average

Answer 43

kinetic energy of molecules

Question 44

for a fixed quantity of gas at constant volume, the pressure should be directly proportional to the

Answer 44

Kelvin temperature, which depends directly on average kinetic energy

Question 45

for every kelvin of temperature change, the pressure of a confined gas changes by

Answer 45

1/273 of the pressure at 0 degrees C

Question 46

Gay-Lussac's law: the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies

Answer 46

directly with the Kelvin temperature

Question 47

Gay-Lussac's law is expressed as : P = k=

Answer 47

P = kT P/T= k

Question 48

in gay lussac's law k is constant that depends on the

Answer 48

quantity of gas and volume

Question 49

for given mass of gas at constant volume, the ratio P/T is the same for any set of

Answer 49

pressure-temperature values

Question 50

unknown values can be found using the following form of gay-lussac's law:

Answer 50

P1/ T1 = P2/ T2

Question 51

a gas sample often undergoes changes in temperature, pressure, and volume all at the

Answer 51

same time

Question 52

the combined law expresses the relationship between

Answer 52

pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas

Question 53

combined gas law: k=

Answer 53

PV/ T

Question 54

in combined gas law, k depends on the

Answer 54

amount of gas

Question 55

combined gas law can also be written as:

Answer 55

P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2

Question 56

each of the gas laws can be obtained from the combined gas law when the

Answer 56

proper variable is constant

Question 57

boyle's law is obtained from the combined gas law when

Answer 57

temperature is constant

Question 58

because T1 = T2, T1 and T2 will canel out on both sides of the combined gas law equation, giving

Answer 58

Boyle's law