Ch 10 Section 3 Flashcards
the particles of a solid are more closely packed than those of a
liquid or gas
intermolecular forces between particles are therefore much more
effective in solids
all interparticle attractions exert stronger effects in solids than in the corresponding
liquids or gases
attractive forces tend to hold the particles of a solid in
relatively fixed points, with only vibrational movement around fixed points
because the motions of the particles are restricted in this way, solids are more ordered than
liquids and are much more ordered than gases
there are two types of solids:
crystalline solids and amorphous solids
Most solids are crystalline solids→they
consist of crystals
a crystal is a substance in which the particles are arranged in an
orderly, geometric, repeating pattern
noncrystalline solids, including glass and particles, are called
amorphous solids
an amorphous solid is one in which the particles are arranged
randomly
unlike liquids and gases, solids can maintain a definite
shape without a container
crystalline solids are
geometrically regular
even the fragments of a shattered crystalline solid have distinct
geometric shapes that reflect their internal structure
amorphous solids maintain a definite shape, but they do not have the
distinct geometric shapes of crystalline solids
the volume of a solid changes only slightly with a change in
temperature or pressure
solids have definite volume because their particles are
packed closely together
there is very little empty space into which the particles can be
compressed
crystalline solids generally do not flow because their particles are held in
relatively fixed positions
melting is the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of
energy as heat
the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is its
melting point
at this temperature, the kinetic energies of the particles within the solid overcome the a
attractive forces holding them together
the particles can then break out of their positions in
crystalline solids, which have definite melting points
amorphous solids have no definite
melting point
amorphous solids have the ability to flow over a
range of temperatures
amorphous solids are sometimes classified as supercooled liquids, which are substances that retain certain liquid properties even at
temperatures at which they appear to be solid
these properties exist because the particles in amorphous solids are arranged
randomly, much like the particles in a liquid