Ch 11 Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

joseph gay-lussac observed that 2 L of hydrogen can react with 1 L of oxygen to form 2 L of water vapor at

A

constant temperature and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lussac’s reaction shows a simple and definite 2:1:2 relationship between the volumes of the

A

reactants and the product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two volumes of hydrogen react with 1 volume of oxygen to produce 2 volumes of

A

water vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the 2:1:2 relationship for this reaction applies to any

A

proportions for volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gay-lussac also noticed simple and definite proportions by

A

volume in other reactions of gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes of gases states that at constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactnats and products can be expressed as

A

ratios of small whole numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

law of combining volumes of gases as well as avogadro’s insight provided a better understanding of how gases react and

A

combine with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in 1811, avogadro found a way to explain Gay-Lussac’s simple ratios o combining volumes without violating Dalton’s idea of

A

indivisible atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

avogadro rejected dalton’s idea that reactant elements are always in monatomic form when they

A

combine to form products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain

A

equal numbers of molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

avogadro reasoned that molecules combining to form products could contain more than one

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

at the same temperature and pressure, the volume of any given gas varies directly with the number of

A

molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

avogadro’s law indicates that gas volume is directly proportional to the amount of

A

gas, at a given temp and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

V=

A

kn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

avogadro’s reasoning applies to the combining volumes for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form

A

water vvapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

while dalton thought the formula of water was HO, avogadro’s reasoning established that the formula must be

A

h2o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the coefficients in a chemical reaction involving gases indicate the relative numbers of …, the relative numbers of …, and the relative

A

molecules; moles; volumes

18
Q

experiments eventually showed that all elements that are gases near room temp, except noble gases, normally exist as

A

diatomic molecules

19
Q

according to avogadro’s law, one mole of any gas will occupy the same volume as one mole of any other gas at the same

A

temperature and pressure, despite mass differences

20
Q

the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP is known as the

A

standard molar volume of a gas and is 22.4 L

21
Q

knowing the volume of a gas, you can use 1 mol/ 22.4 L as a conversion factor to find the

A

number of moles, and mass, of a given volume of a given gas at STP

22
Q

you can use the molar volume of a gas to find the volume, at STP, of a known number of

A

moles or a known mass of a gas

23
Q

for gaseous reactants or products, coefficients in chemical equations not only indicate molar amounts and mole ratios but also reveal

A

volume ratios, assuming conditions remain the same

24
Q

the ideal gas law is the mathematical relationship among

A

pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas

25
ideal gas law: PV=
nRT
26
ideal gas law reduces to boyles's law, charles's law, gay-lussac's law, or avogadro's law when the appropriate variables are
held constant
27
the number of molecules or moles present will always affect at least one of the other
three quantities
28
the collision rate of molecules per unit area of container wall depends on the number of
molecules present
29
if the number of molecules is increased for a sample at constant volume and temperature, the
collision rate increases and so does pressure
30
according to avogadro's law, if pressure and temp were kept constant while number of molecules increased, the
volume would increase
31
an increase in volume keeps the pressure
constant at constant temperature
32
increasing volume keeps the collision rate per unit of wall area
constant
33
the constant R is known as the
ideal gas constant
34
the value of r depends on the units chosen for
pressure, volume, and temperature
35
measured values of P, V, T, and n for a gas at near-ideal conditions can be used to calculate
R
36
R is used in calculations when volume is in ... and temp is in
liters; kelvins
37
ideal gas law can be applied to determine existing conditions of a gas sample when 3 of the 4 variables P,V, T, or n are
known
38
ideal gas law can also be used to calculate the
molar mass or density of a gas sample
39
for mm hg, r is
62.4
40
for atm, r is
.082
41
for J and kPa, R is
8.314