Ch 11 Section 3

Question 1

joseph gay-lussac observed that 2 L of hydrogen can react with 1 L of oxygen to form 2 L of water vapor at

Answer 1

constant temperature and pressure

Question 2

Lussac’s reaction shows a simple and definite 2:1:2 relationship between the volumes of the

Answer 2

reactants and the product

Question 3

two volumes of hydrogen react with 1 volume of oxygen to produce 2 volumes of

Answer 3

water vapor

Question 4

the 2:1:2 relationship for this reaction applies to any

Answer 4

proportions for volume

Question 5

gay-lussac also noticed simple and definite proportions by

Answer 5

volume in other reactions of gases

Question 6

Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes of gases states that at constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactnats and products can be expressed as

Answer 6

ratios of small whole numbers

Question 7

law of combining volumes of gases as well as avogadro’s insight provided a better understanding of how gases react and

Answer 7

combine with each other

Question 8

in 1811, avogadro found a way to explain Gay-Lussac’s simple ratios o combining volumes without violating Dalton’s idea of

Answer 8

indivisible atoms

Question 9

avogadro rejected dalton’s idea that reactant elements are always in monatomic form when they

Answer 9

combine to form products

Question 10

avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain

Answer 10

equal numbers of molecules

Question 11

avogadro reasoned that molecules combining to form products could contain more than one

Answer 11

atom

Question 12

at the same temperature and pressure, the volume of any given gas varies directly with the number of

Answer 12

molecules

Question 13

avogadro’s law indicates that gas volume is directly proportional to the amount of

Answer 13

gas, at a given temp and pressure

Question 14

V=

Answer 14

kn

Question 15

avogadro’s reasoning applies to the combining volumes for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form

Answer 15

water vvapor

Question 16

while dalton thought the formula of water was HO, avogadro’s reasoning established that the formula must be

Answer 16

h2o

Question 17

the coefficients in a chemical reaction involving gases indicate the relative numbers of …, the relative numbers of …, and the relative

Answer 17

molecules; moles; volumes

Question 18

experiments eventually showed that all elements that are gases near room temp, except noble gases, normally exist as

Answer 18

diatomic molecules

Question 19

according to avogadro’s law, one mole of any gas will occupy the same volume as one mole of any other gas at the same

Answer 19

temperature and pressure, despite mass differences

Question 20

the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP is known as the

Answer 20

standard molar volume of a gas and is 22.4 L

Question 21

knowing the volume of a gas, you can use 1 mol/ 22.4 L as a conversion factor to find the

Answer 21

number of moles, and mass, of a given volume of a given gas at STP

Question 22

you can use the molar volume of a gas to find the volume, at STP, of a known number of

Answer 22

moles or a known mass of a gas

Question 23

for gaseous reactants or products, coefficients in chemical equations not only indicate molar amounts and mole ratios but also reveal

Answer 23

volume ratios, assuming conditions remain the same

Question 24

the ideal gas law is the mathematical relationship among

Answer 24

pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas

Question 25

ideal gas law: PV=

Answer 25

nRT

Question 26

ideal gas law reduces to boyles’s law, charles’s law, gay-lussac’s law, or avogadro’s law when the appropriate variables are

Answer 26

held constant

Question 27

the number of molecules or moles present will always affect at least one of the other

Answer 27

three quantities

Question 28

the collision rate of molecules per unit area of container wall depends on the number of

Answer 28

molecules present

Question 29

if the number of molecules is increased for a sample at constant volume and temperature, the

Answer 29

collision rate increases and so does pressure

Question 30

according to avogadro’s law, if pressure and temp were kept constant while number of molecules increased, the

Answer 30

volume would increase

Question 31

an increase in volume keeps the pressure

Answer 31

constant at constant temperature

Question 32

increasing volume keeps the collision rate per unit of wall area

Answer 32

constant

Question 33

the constant R is known as the

Answer 33

ideal gas constant

Question 34

the value of r depends on the units chosen for

Answer 34

pressure, volume, and temperature

Question 35

measured values of P, V, T, and n for a gas at near-ideal conditions can be used to calculate

Answer 35

R

Question 36

R is used in calculations when volume is in … and temp is in

Answer 36

liters; kelvins

Question 37

ideal gas law can be applied to determine existing conditions of a gas sample when 3 of the 4 variables P,V, T, or n are

Answer 37

known

Question 38

ideal gas law can also be used to calculate the

Answer 38

molar mass or density of a gas sample

Question 39

for mm hg, r is

Answer 39

62.4

Question 40

for atm, r is

Answer 40

.082

Question 41

for J and kPa, R is

Answer 41

8.314