Ch 5 Sectjon 3 Flashcards
Size of an atom can’t be defined by edge of orbital because this boundary is
Fuzzy and caries under different conditions
To estimate he rice of an atom the conditions under with the atom exists must be
Specified
One way to express an atoms radius is to measure the distance between the
Nuclei of two identical atoms that are chemically bonded together, then divide this distance by two
Atomic radius may be defined as one half the durance between the
Nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
There is a gradual decrease in atomic radii from
Across the second period to neon
The trend to smaller atoms across a period is caused by the
Increasing positive charge of the nucleus
As electrons add to s and p sublevels in the same main energy level they are gradually
Pulled closer to the more highly charged nucleus
increased pull results in a
Decrease in atomic radii
the attraction of the nucleus is somewhat offset by
repulsion among the increased number of electrons in the same outer energy level
the difference in radii between neighboring atoms in each period grows
Smaller
The radio of the elements
Increase as you read down the group
As electrons occupy sublevels in successively higher main energy levels located farther from the nucleus the sixes of the atoms
Increase
In general the atomic radii of the main group elements
Increase down a group
The expected increase in fallouts readies caused by the filling of the fourth main remedy level is outweighed by a
Shrinking of the electron cloud caused by s nuclear charge that is considerably higher than that of aluminum
An electron can be removed from an atom if enough
Energy is supplied
A + energy–>
A^+ + e^-
The A^+ represents an ion of element a with a
Single positive charged referred to as a 1+ ion
An ion is an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a
Positive or negative charge
Ionization: any oroceds that
Results in the formation of an ion
To compare the ease with which atoms to different elements give up electrons chemists compare
Ionization energies
Ionization energy (first ionization energy)
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom
To avoid the influence of nearby atoms measurements of ionization energies are made on
Isolated atoms in the gas phase
Group 1 metals have the lowest
First ionization energies in their respective periods
Group 1 metals lose electrons
Most easily