Ch 13 Section 1

Question 1

solid compounds can be

Answer 1

ionic or molecular

Question 2

in an ionic solid, a crystal structure is made up of .. held together by …

Answer 2

charged particles; ionic attractions

Question 3

in a molecular solid, molecules are composed of

Answer 3

covalently bonded atoms

Question 4

the solid is held togher by …, … forces

Answer 4

noncovalent; intermolecular

Question 5

when they dissolve in water, ionic compounds and molecular compounds behave

Answer 5

differently

Question 6

when a compound that is made of ions dissolves in water, the

Answer 6

ions separate from one another

Question 7

this separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves is called

Answer 7

dissociation

Question 8

assuming 100% dissociation, a solution that contains 1 mol of sodium chloride contains .. of Na+ ions and … of Cl- ions

Answer 8

1 mol; 1 mol

Question 9

a solution that contains 1 mol of calcium chloride contains .. of Ca2+ ions and … of Cl- ions

Answer 9

1 mol; 2 mol

Question 10

although no ionic compound is completely insoluble, compounds of very low solubility can be considered … for most …

Answer 10

insoluble; practical purposes

Question 11

it is difficult to write solubility rules that cover all

Answer 11

possible conditions

Question 12

most sodium compounds are

Answer 12

soluble

Question 13

most phosphates are

Answer 13

insoluble

Question 14

dissociation equations cannot be written for

Answer 14

insoluble compounds

Question 15

if the mixing results in a combination of ions that forms an insoluble compound, a … reaction and … will occur

Answer 15

double-displacement; precipitation

Question 16

precipitation occurs when the attraction between the ions is greater than the attraction between the

Answer 16

ions and surrounding water molecules

Question 17

to decide whether a precipitate can form, you must know the

Answer 17

solubilities of these two compounds

Question 18

reactions of ions in aqueous solution are usually represented by … rather than…

Answer 18

net ionic equations; formula equations

Question 19

a net ionic equation includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a

Answer 19

chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution

Question 20

to write a net ionic equation, you first convert the chemical equation into an

Answer 20

overall ionic equation

Question 21

all soluble ionic compounds are shown as

Answer 21

dissociated ions in solution

Question 22

the precipitates are shown as

Answer 22

solids

Question 23

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction are

Answer 23

spectator ions

Question 24

to convert an ionic equation into a net ionic equation, the … are … on both sides of the equation

Answer 24

spectator ions; canceled

Question 25

some molecular compounds can also form

Answer 25

ions in solution (polar compounds)

Question 26

ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called

Answer 26

ionization

Question 27

the more general meaning of ionization is the creation of

Answer 27

ions where there were none

Question 28

when n ionic compound dissolves, the ions that were already present

Answer 28

separate from one another

Question 29

when a molecular compound dissolves and ionizes in a polar solvent, ions are formed where

Answer 29

non existed in the undissolved compound

Question 30

like all ions in aqueous solution, the ions formed by such a molecular solute are

Answer 30

hydrated

Question 31

the energy released as heat during the hydration of the ions provides the energy needed to

Answer 31

break the covalent bonds

Question 32

the extent to which a solute ionizes in solution depends on the strength of the bonds within the .. and the strength of attraction between the ...

Answer 32

molecules of the solute; solute and solvent molecules

Question 33

if the strength of a bond within the solute molecule is weaker than the attractive forces of the solvent molecules, then the covalent bond of the solute ... and the ...

Answer 33

breaks; molecule is separated into ions

Question 34

HCl is a molecular compound that

Answer 34

ionizes in aqueous solution

Question 35

the attraction between a polar HCL molecule and the mpolar water molecules is strong enough to break the HCL bond, forming

Answer 35

hydrogen and chloride ions

Question 36

many molecular compounds contain a hydrogen atom bonded by a

Answer 36

polar covalent bon d

Question 37

some of these compounds ionize in an aqueous solution to release

Answer 37

H+

Question 38

the H+ ion attracts other molecules or ions so strongly that it does not normally

Answer 38

exist alone

Question 39

the ionization of hydrgoen chloride in water is better described a a chemical reaction in which a proton is transferred directly from HCl to awater molecule, where it becomes

Answer 39

covalently bonded to oxygen and forms H3O+

Question 40

the H3O+ ion is known as the

Answer 40

hydronium ion

Question 41

the reaction of the H+ ion to form the hydronium ion produces much of the energy needed to

Answer 41

ionize a molecular solute

Question 42

substances that yield ions and conduct an electric current in solution are

Answer 42

electroylytes

Question 43

substances that do not yield ions and do not conduct an electric current in solution are

Answer 43

nonelectrolytes

Question 44

the hydrogen halides are all molecular compounds with single

Answer 44

polar-covalent bonds

Question 45

all hydrogen halides are gases, all are very solubler in water, and all are

Answer 45

electrolytes

Question 46

HCl, hydrogen bromide, and HI strongly conduct an

Answer 46

electric current in an aqueous solution

Question 47

however, hydrogen fluoride only weakly conducts an electric current at the

Answer 47

same concentration

Question 48

the strength with which substances conduct an electric current is related to their

Answer 48

ability to form ions in solution

Question 49

HCL, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen iodide are 100% ionized in

Answer 49

dilute aqueous solution

Question 50

a strong electrolyte is any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions

Answer 50

conduct electricity well

Question 51

the conductivity of strong electrolytes is due to the presence of all or almost all of the dissolved

Answer 51

compound in the form of ions

Question 52

HCL, hydrogen bromide, and HI are all

Answer 52

acids in aqueous solution

Question 53

these acids, several other acids, and all soluble ionic compounds are

Answer 53

strong electrolytes

Question 54

the distinguishing feature of strong electrolytes is that to whatever extent they dissolve in water, they

Answer 54

yield only ions

Question 55

for example, some strong electrolytes, such as NaCL, may be highly soluble in water and form

Answer 55

ions in solution

Question 56

others may not dissolve much, but the amount that does dissolve exists solely as

Answer 56

ions in solution

Question 57

some molecular compounds form aqueous solutions that contain not only dissolved ions but also some dissolved molecules that are not

Answer 57

ionized

Question 58

HF dissolves in water to give an acidic solution known as

Answer 58

hydrofluoric acid

Question 59

However, the HF bond is much stronger than the bonds between

Answer 59

hydrogen and other halogens

Question 60

when HF dissolves, some molecules

Answer 60

ionize

Question 61

but the reverse reaction--the transfer of H+ ions back to F- ions to form hydrogen fluoride molecules--

Answer 61

also takes place

Question 62

hydrogen fluoride is an example of a

Answer 62

weak electrolyte

Question 63

a weak electrolyte is any compound whose dilute aquous solutions conduct

Answer 63

electricity poorly

Question 64

the poor conductivity of weak electrolytes is due to the presence of a small amount of the

Answer 64

dissolved compound in the form of ions

Question 65

this is in contrast to a nonelectrolyte which dissolves but does not produce any

Answer 65

ions in solution

Question 66

another example of a weak electolyte is CH3COOH,

Answer 66

acetic acid

Question 67

the description of an electrolyte as strong or weak must not be confused with the description of a solution as

Answer 67

concentrated or dilute

Question 68

strong and weak electolytes differ in the degree of

Answer 68

ionization or dissociation

Question 69

concentrated and dilute solutions differ in the amount of

Answer 69

solute dissolved in a given quantity of a solvent

Question 70

hydrochloric acid is always a

Answer 70

strong electrolyte

Question 71

acetic acid is always considered a

Answer 71

weak electrolyte