Ch 6 Section 4 Flashcards
This difference is reflected in the unique properties of
Metals
Metals are much better electrical conductors than even
Molten ionic compounds
The electrical conductivity if metals is due to the highly mobile
Valence electrons of the atoms in metals
The mobility in metals valence electrons is not possible in molecular compounds in which electrons are localized I.
Electron-pair bonds between neutral atoms
The mobility in metals valence electrons is not possible in solid ionic compounds in which electrons are bound to individual
Ions that are held in place in crystal structures
Chemical bonding is different in metals than it is in
Ionic, molecular or covalent-network compounds
The highest energy levels of most metal atoms are occupied by very few
Electrons
In s-block metals one or two valence electrons occupy the outermost orbital and all three outermost p orbitals are
Vacant
D block metals also possess many vacant
D orbitals in the energy level just below their highest energy level
Within s metal the vacant orbitals in the atoms outer energy levels overlap allowing the outer electrons of the atoms to
Roam freely throughout the entire metal
The electrons are dr localized meaning that they do not belong to
Any one atom but move freely about the metals network of empty atomic orbitals
Mobile electrons form a sea of electrons around the metal atoms which are
Packed together in a crystal lattice
Metallic bonding is the chemical bonding that results from the
Attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons
The freedom of electrons to move in a network of metal atoms accounts for the high
Electrical and thermal conductivity characteristic of all metals
Metals are both strong… Of light
Absorbers and reflectors
Because they contain many orbitals separate by extremely small energy differences metals can absorb a
Wide range of light frequencies
This absorption of light results in the
Excitation of the metal atoms electrons. To higher energy levels
In metals the electrons immediately fall back down to lower levels emitting
Energy in the form of light at a frequency similar to the absorbed frequency
Re-radiated (reflected) light is responsible for the metallic
Appearance: luster of metal surfaces
Most metals are easy to form into desired shapes due to their
Malleability and ductility
Malleability is the ability of a substance to be
Hammered or beaten into thin sheets
Ductility is the ability of a substance to be
Drawn pulled or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire
The malleability and ductility of metals are possible because metallic bonding is the same in
All directions throughout the solid
When struck one plane of atoms in a metal can slide past another without encountering
Resistance or breaking bonds
Metallic bond strength varied with the nuclear charge of the
Metal atoms and the number of electrons in the metals electron sea
Both of these factors (factors of variation f metallic bond strength) are reflected in s metals
Enthralled if vaporization
The amount of energy required to vaporize the metal is a measure of the
Strength of the bonds that hold the metal together
The enthalpy of vaporization is defined as the amount of energy absorbed as
Heat when a specified amount of a substance vaporizes at constant pressure
