Ch 3 Section 1

Question 1

Democritus called natures basic particle an

Answer 1

Atom based on Greek word meaning “indivisible”

Question 2

Aristotle thought that all matter was

Answer 2

Continuous and his opinion was accepted for nearly 2000 years

Question 3

Neither the view of Aristotle nor that of Democritus was supported by

Answer 3

Experimental evidence do each remained speculation until the 18th century

Question 4

Virtually all c he jets in the late 1700s accepted the modern definition of an element as a

Answer 4

Substance that cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical means

Question 5

It was clear that elements combine to form

Answer 5

Compounds that have different physical and chemical properties than those of the elements that form them

Question 6

Great controversy as to whether elements

Answer 6

Always combine in the same ratio when forming a compound

Question 7

Chemical reaction

Answer 7

Transformation of a substance(s) into one or more new substance

Question 8

Particle theory of matter was was supported as early as

Answer 8

400 BC by Greek thinkers such as Democritus

Question 9

Study of matter was revolutionized by a new emphasis on the

Answer 9

Quantitative analysis of chemical reactions

Question 10

Aided by improved balances investigators began to

Answer 10

Accurately measure the masses of elements and compounds

Question 11

Measurement of masses of elements and compounds led to the discovery of

Answer 11

Several basic laws

Question 12

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 12

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

Question 13

Discovery followed by assertion that regardless of where or how a pure chemical compound is prepared it is

Answer 13

Composed of a fixed proportion of elements

Question 14

Law of definite proportions

Answer 14

Fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exCtly the same proportions by mass regardless of size of sample or source of compound

Question 15

Known that 2 elements sometimes combine to form

Answer 15

More than one compound

Question 16

Law of multiple proportions state that if two or more different compounds are composed of the same 2 elements then the ratio of the

Answer 16

Masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

Question 17

Dalton in 1808 proposed an explanation for the

Answer 17

Law of conservation of mass
The law of definite proportions
The law of multiple proportions

Question 18

Dalton stated that elements were composed of

Answer 18

Atoms and that only whole numbers of atoms can combine to form compounds

Question 19

(Daltons theory) all matter composed of extremely

Answer 19

Small particles called atoms

Question 20

(Daltons theory) atoms of a given element are

Answer 20

Identical in size mass and other properties

Question 21

(Daltons theory) atoms of different elements differ in

Answer 21

Size mass and other properties

Question 22

(Daltons theory) atoms cannot be

Answer 22

Subdivided created or destroyed

Question 23

(Daltons theory) atoms of different elements combine in

Answer 23

Simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds

Question 24

(Daltons theory) in chemical reactions atoms are

Answer 24

Combined separated or rearranged

Question 25

According to dalton a theory the law of conservation of mass is explained by the fact that chemical reactions merely involve the

Answer 25

Combination separation or rearrangement of atoms and that during these processes atoms are not subdivided created or destroyed

Question 26

Law of definite proportions results from the fact that a given chemical compound is always composed of the

Answer 26

Same combination of atoms

Question 27

In the case of carbon oxides for law of multiple proportions, 2 to 1 ratio of oxygen masses results because CO2 always contains

Answer 27

Twice as many oxygen atoms as does carbon monoxide

Question 28

By relating atoms to measurable property of mass dalton turned Democritus idea into a

Answer 28

Scientific theory that could be tested by experiment

Question 29

Today we know that atoms are

Answer 29

Divisible into even smaller particles

Question 30

We also know that a given element can have

Answer 30

Atoms with different masses

Question 31

Daltons ideas that remain unchanged:

Answer 31

All matter is composed of atoms

Atoms of any one element differ in properties from atoms of another element