Ch 10 Section 2

Question 1

liquids are the least common state of

Answer 1

matter in the universe

Question 2

liquids are less common than solids and gases because a substance can exist in the liquid state only within a r

Answer 2

relatively narrow range of temperatures and pressures

Question 3

a liquid can be described as a form of matter tha has a definite volume and

Answer 3

takes the shape of its container

Question 4

the properties of liquids can be undrstood by applying the kinetic-molecular theory, considering the

Answer 4

motion and arrangement of molecules and the attractive forces between them

Question 5

particles in a liquid are in

Answer 5

constant motion

Question 6

the particles in a liquid are closer together than the particles in a

Answer 6

gas are

Question 7

the attractive forces between particles in a liquid are more effective than those between

Answer 7

particles in a gas

Question 8

this attraction between liquid particles is caused by

Answer 8

intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding

Question 9

some molecules at the surface of a liquid can have enough kinetic energy to overcome these forces and

Answer 9

enter the gas state

Question 10

liquids are more ordered than gases because of the stronger intermolecular forces and the lower

Answer 10

mobility of the liquid particles

Question 11

according to the kinetic-molecular theory of liquids, the particles are not

Answer 11

bound together in fixed position. they move about constantly (explains why liquids & gases are fluids)

Question 12

fluid is a substance that can flow and therefore

Answer 12

take the shape of its container

Question 13

most liquids naturally flow downhill because of

Answer 13

gravity

Question 14

some liquids can flow in other

Answer 14

directions as well

Question 15

at normal atmospheric pressure, most substances are hundreds of times denser in a liquid state than in a

Answer 15

gaseous tate

Question 16

this higher density is a result of the close arrangement of

Answer 16

liquid particles

Question 17

most substances are only slightly less dense (about 10%) in a liquid state than in a

Answer 17

solid state

Question 18

water is one of the few substances that becomes less

Answer 18

dense when it solidifies

Question 19

at the same temperature and pressure, different liquids can

Answer 19

differ greatly in densithy

Question 20

when liquid water at 20 degrees celsius is compressed by a pressure of 1000 atm, its volume decreases by only

Answer 20

4%→behavior is typical of all liqudis and similar to behavior of solids

Question 21

a gas under pressure of 1000 atm would have only 1/1000 of its volume at

Answer 21

normal atmospheric pressure

Question 22

liquids are much less compressible than gases because liquid particles are

Answer 22

more closely packed together

Question 23

like gases, liquids can transmit

Answer 23

pressure equally in all directions

Question 24

liquids also diffuse and mix with other

Answer 24

liquids

Question 25

any liquid gradually diffuses throughout any other liquid in which it

Answer 25

can dissolve

Question 26

the constant, random motion of particles causes diffusion in liquids, as it does in

Answer 26

gases

Question 27

yet diffusion is much slower in liquids because liquid particles are

Answer 27

closer together

Question 28

theh attractive forces between the particles of a liquid

Answer 28

slow their movement

Question 29

as the temperature of a liquid is increased, diffusion occurs more

Answer 29

rapidly

Question 30

the reason is that average kinetic energy, and therefore the average speed of the particles, is

Answer 30

incresaed

Question 31

a property common to all liquids is surface tension: a forced that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing

Answer 31

surface area to the smallest possible size

Question 32

surface tension results from the attractive forces between

Answer 32

particles of a liqudi

Question 33

the higher the force of attraction, the higher the

Answer 33

surface tension

Question 34

water has a higher surface tension than most liquids because of the hydrogen bonds water molecules can

Answer 34

form with each other

Question 35

the molecules at the surface of the water can form hydrogen bonds with the other water molecules beneath them and beside them, but not with

Answer 35

the molecules in the air above them

Question 36

the surface water molecules are drawn togethyer and toward the body of the liquid, creating a

Answer 36

high surface tension

Question 37

surface tension causes liquid droplets to take on a spherical shape because a sphere has the smallest possible

Answer 37

surface area for a given volume

Question 38

capillary action, the attraction of the surface of a

Answer 38

liquid to the surface of a solid

Question 39

capillary action is a property closely related to

Answer 39

surface tension

Question 40

a liquid will rise quite high in a very narrow tube and will wet the tube if a strong attraction exists between the liquid molecules and the molecules that make up the

Answer 40

surface of the tube

Question 41

this attraction tends to pull the liquid molecules upward along the surface and against the

Answer 41

pull of gravity

Question 42

this process continues until the attractive forces between the liquid molecules and the surface of the tube are

Answer 42

balanced by the weight of the liquid

Question 43

capillary action can occur between

Answer 43

water molecules and paper fibers

Question 44

capillary action is at least partly responsible for the transportation of water from the roots of a plant to its

Answer 44

leaves t

Question 45

capillary action is also responsible for the concave liquid surface, called a meniscus, that forms in a

Answer 45

test tube or graduated cylinder

Question 46

the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas is

Answer 46

vaporization

Question 47

evaporation is the process by which particles escape from the surface of a

Answer 47

nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state

Question 48

evaporation occurs because the particles of a liquid have different

Answer 48

kinetic energies

Question 49

particles with higher-than-average energies move

Answer 49

faster

Question 50

some surface particles with higher-than-average energies can overcome the

Answer 50

intermolecular forces that bind them to the liquid and can then escape into the gas state

Question 51

evaporation removes fresh water from the surface of the ocean, leaving behind a heigher

Answer 51

concentration of salts

Question 52

boiling is the change of a liquid to bubbles of vapor that appear

Answer 52

throughout the liquid

Question 53

when a liquid is cooled, the average energy of its particles

Answer 53

decreases

Question 54

if the energy is low enough, attractive forces pull the particles into an even more

Answer 54

orderly arrangement

Question 55

the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy as heat is called

Answer 55

freezing or solidification

Question 56

all liquids freeze, although not necessarily at temperatures you

Answer 56

normally encounter