Ch 10 Section 5 Flashcards
water is the most abundant
liquid
oceans, rivers, and lakes cover about
75% of earth’s surface
water is an essential component of all organisms: 70% to 90% of the mass of living things is
water
the chemical reactions of most life processes takes place in water, and water is frequently a
reactant or product in such reactions
water molecules consist of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of
oxygen united by polar-covalent bonds
water molecule shape:
bent
the angle between the two hydrogen-oxygen bonds is about
105 degrees
this is close to the angle expected for … of the oxygen-atom orbitals
sp3 hybridization
the molecules in solid/ liquid wate rare linked by
hydrogen bonding
the number of linked molecules decreases with increasing temperature because increases in kinetic energy make
hydrogen bond formation difficult
nevertheless, there are usually from … to … molecules per…
4 to 8; group in liquid water
if it were not for these molecular groups, water would be a
gas at room temperature
nonpolar molecules, such as methane, that are similar in size and mass to water molecules do not
undergo hydrogen bonding. they are gases at room temp
ice consists of water molecules in the
hexagonal arrangement
the empty spaces between molecules in this pattern account for the relatively
low density of ice
as ice is heated, the increased energy of the molecules causes them to
move and vibrate more vigorously
when the melting pt is reached, the energy of the molecules is so great that the
rigid open structure of the ice crystals breaks down, and ice turns into liquid water