Ch 5 Vocab Flashcards
Periodic table
An arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group
Lanthanides
The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71
Actinides are the
14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103
Alkali metals
The elements of group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)
Alkaline-earth metals
The elements of group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium)
Transition elements
D block elements are metals with typical metallic properties
Main group elements
P block elements together with the block elements
Halogens
Elements of group 17 (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine)
Atomic radius
One half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
Ion
Atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
Ionization
Any process that results in the formation of an ion
Ionization energy IE
Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom
Electrons affinity
Energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral ago.
Cation
Positive ion
Anion
A negative ion
Valence electrons
Electrons available to be lost gained or shared in the formation of chemical compounds
Electronegativity
Measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound
Periodic law
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
