Ch 1 Flashcards
Chemistry is the study of the
Composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
Instruments are routinely used in chemistry to
Extend our ability to observe and make measurements
Instruments make it possible to look at
Micro structures
Micro structures
Things too tiny to be seen with the unaided eye
The scanning electron microscope reveals
Tiny structures by beaming electrons at them
X rays can also be used to
Determine micro structures
X Ray diffraction pattern can be analyzed to
Reveal the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or other particles that make up the materials
By learning about micro structures chemists can
Explain the behavior of macrostructures
Organic chemistry
The study of most carbon containing compounds
Inorganic chemistry
The study of non organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)
Physical chemistry
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Analytical chemistry
The identification of the components and composition of materials
Because we now know that both living and non living matter consists of chrmical structures
Chemistry is central to all the sciences
Biochemistry
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Theoretical chemistry
The use of math and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
A chemical is any substance that has a
Definite composition
Knowing the properties of chemicals allows chemists to
Find suitable uses for them
Basic research is carried out for the sake of
Increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are
Basic research can result in
Chance discoveries
Applied research is generally carried out to
Solve a problem
In applied research researchers are driven not by curiosity or a desire to know but by a
Desire to solve a specific problem
Technological development typically involves
The production and use of products that improve our quality of life
Technological applications often
Lag far behind the discoveries that are eventually used in technologies
Basic research applied research and technological development often
Overlap.
Discoveries made in basic research may lead to
Applications that can result in new technologies
Explaining what matter is involved
Finding properties that all matter has in common
Volume is the amount of
Three dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume
Mass is a measure of
The amount of matter. All matter has mass. Mass is the measurement you make using a balance.
Volume and mass are the
General properties of all matter
The fundamental building blocks of matter are
Atoms and molecules
Atoms and molecules make up
Elements and compounds
An atom is
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
An element is a
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
A compound is a substance that
Can be broken down into simple stable substances
Each compound is made from the
Atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
Molecule
The smallest unit of an elect or compound that retains all of the properties or that element or compound
Every substance whether it is an element or a compound has
Characteristic properties
Chemists use properties to
Distinguish between substances and to separate them
A property may be a
Characteristic that defines an entire set of substances
The distinguishing property of metals is that they
Conduct electricity well
Properties can ell reveal the identity of
An unknown substance
Properties are either
Intensive or extensive
Extensive properties depend on
The amount of matter that is present
Examples of extensive properties
Volume mass and amount of energy in a substance
Intensive properties
Do not depend on the amount of matter present
Examples of intensive properties
Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Ability to conduct electricity and to transfer energy as heat