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Chem > Ch 11 Section 1 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the pressure increase is caused by the increase in the number of ….. with the inside walls o the tire

A

collisions of molecules of air

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2
Q

the collisions cause an outward… against the inside walls

A

push, or force

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3
Q

gas molecules exert …. on any surface with which they…

A

pressure; collide

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4
Q

the pressure exerted by a gas depends on

A

volume, temperature, and the number of molecules present

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5
Q

pressure is defined as the ….. on a surface

A

force per unit area

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6
Q

Pressure =

A

force/ area

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7
Q

SI unit for force is

A

newton

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8
Q

newton is the force that will increase the speed of a … by …. each … that the …

A

one-kilogram mass; one meter per second; second; force is applied

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9
Q

at earth’s surface, gravity has an acceleration of

A

9.8 m/ s^2

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10
Q

The atmosphere exerts

A

pressure

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11
Q

The pressure of the atmosphere can be thought of as caused by the weight of the …. that

A

gases; compose the atmosphere

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12
Q

the atmospheric pressure at sea level is eqaul to the weight of a …. mass per square centimeter of surface

A

1.03 kg

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13
Q

the atmosphere contains about…. nitrogen, …. oxygen, and … other gases, including…

A

78%; 21%; 1%; argon and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

atmospheric pressure is the sum of the individual pressures of the

A

various gases in the atmosphere

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15
Q

a barometer is a device used to measure

A

atmospheric pressure

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16
Q

first type of barometer was introduced by… during the early …

A

Evangelista Torricelli; 1600s

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17
Q

the mercury in the tube pushes downward because fo

A

gravitational for e

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18
Q

the column of mercury in the tube s stopped from falling beyond a certain point because the atmosphere exerts a … on the surface of the mercury outside the tube

A

pressure

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19
Q

this pressure is transmitted through the fluid mercury and is exerted

A

upward on the column of mercury

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20
Q

the mercury in the tube falls only until the pressure exerted by its weight is equal to the ….

A

pressure exerted by the atmosphere

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21
Q

the exact height of the mercury in the tube depends on the

A

atmospheric pressure, or force per unit area

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22
Q

th pressure is measured in terms of the mercur column’s … in the barometer tube

A

height

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23
Q

from experiments like Torricelli’s it’s known that at sea level and at 0 degrees C the average pressure of the atmosphere can support a

A

760 mm column of mercury

24
Q

the atmospheric pressure at any given place depends on the

A

elevation and the weather conditions

25
Q

if the atmospheric pressure is greater than the average at sea level, the height of the mercury column in a barometer will be

A

greater than 760 mm and vice versa

26
Q

all gases exert

A

pressure

27
Q

a device called a manometer can be used to measure the pressure of an

A

enclosed gas sample

28
Q

the difference in the height of mercury in the two arms of the U-tube is a measure of the

A

oxygen gas presure in the container

29
Q

because atmospheric pressure is often measured by a mercury barometer, pressure can be expressed in terms of the

A

height of a mercury’s column

30
Q

thus, the common unit of pressure is

A

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

31
Q

a pressure of 1 mm Hg is also called

A

1 torr

32
Q

the average atmospheric pressure at sea level at 0 degrees C is

A

760 mm HG

33
Q

One atmosphere of pressure is defined as being exactly equivalent to

A

760 mm Hg

34
Q

In SI, pressure is expressed in derived units called

A

pascals

35
Q

one pascal is defined as the pressure exerted by a force of one

A

newton acting on an area of one square meter

36
Q

it’s more convenient to express pressure in

A

kilopascals

37
Q

standard atmosphere is equal to

A

1.01325 x 10^5 Pa, or 101.326 kPa

38
Q

to compare volumes of gases, one must know the

A

temperature and pressure at which the volumes are measured

39
Q

for purposes of comparision, scientists have agreed on standard conditions of exactly

A

1 atm pressure and 0 degrees C

40
Q

1 atm pressure and 0 degrees C are called

A

standard temperature and pressure

41
Q

the pressure exerted by each gas in an unreactve mixture is independent of that exerted by

A

other gases present

42
Q

the pressure of each gas in a mixture is called the

A

partial pressure of that gas

43
Q

dalton’s law of partial reassures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the

A

partial pressures of the component gases

44
Q

dalton’s law: Pt=

A

P1 + P2 + P3

45
Q

each of the rapidly moving particles of gases in a mixture has an equal chance to

A

collide with the container walls

46
Q

therefore each gas exerts a pressure indepedent of that exerted by the

A

other gases pressent

47
Q

the total pressure is the result of the total number of collisions per

A

unit of wall area in a given time

48
Q

gases produced in the lab are ften collected over

A

water

49
Q

the gas produced by the reaction displaces the water, which is more dense, in the

A

collection bottle

50
Q

a gas collected by water displacement is not pure but is always mixed with

A

water vapor

51
Q

that is because water molecules at the liquid surface

A

evaporate and mix with the gas molecules

52
Q

water vapor like other gases exerts a pressure known as

A

vapor pressure

53
Q

Patm =

A

Pgas + PH2O

54
Q

to find the partial pressure of the dry gas collected you would subtract the pressure of the water vapor at the given temperature from the

A

total pressure

55
Q

the vapor pressure of water varies with

A

temperature

Chem (54 decks)

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