Ch 11 Section 1

Question 1

the pressure increase is caused by the increase in the number of ….. with the inside walls o the tire

Answer 1

collisions of molecules of air

Question 2

the collisions cause an outward… against the inside walls

Answer 2

push, or force

Question 3

gas molecules exert …. on any surface with which they…

Answer 3

pressure; collide

Question 4

the pressure exerted by a gas depends on

Answer 4

volume, temperature, and the number of molecules present

Question 5

pressure is defined as the ….. on a surface

Answer 5

force per unit area

Question 6

Pressure =

Answer 6

force/ area

Question 7

SI unit for force is

Answer 7

newton

Question 8

newton is the force that will increase the speed of a … by …. each … that the …

Answer 8

one-kilogram mass; one meter per second; second; force is applied

Question 9

at earth’s surface, gravity has an acceleration of

Answer 9

9.8 m/ s^2

Question 10

The atmosphere exerts

Answer 10

pressure

Question 11

The pressure of the atmosphere can be thought of as caused by the weight of the …. that

Answer 11

gases; compose the atmosphere

Question 12

the atmospheric pressure at sea level is eqaul to the weight of a …. mass per square centimeter of surface

Answer 12

1.03 kg

Question 13

the atmosphere contains about…. nitrogen, …. oxygen, and … other gases, including…

Answer 13

78%; 21%; 1%; argon and carbon dioxide

Question 14

atmospheric pressure is the sum of the individual pressures of the

Answer 14

various gases in the atmosphere

Question 15

a barometer is a device used to measure

Answer 15

atmospheric pressure

Question 16

first type of barometer was introduced by… during the early …

Answer 16

Evangelista Torricelli; 1600s

Question 17

the mercury in the tube pushes downward because fo

Answer 17

gravitational for e

Question 18

the column of mercury in the tube s stopped from falling beyond a certain point because the atmosphere exerts a … on the surface of the mercury outside the tube

Answer 18

pressure

Question 19

this pressure is transmitted through the fluid mercury and is exerted

Answer 19

upward on the column of mercury

Question 20

the mercury in the tube falls only until the pressure exerted by its weight is equal to the ….

Answer 20

pressure exerted by the atmosphere

Question 21

the exact height of the mercury in the tube depends on the

Answer 21

atmospheric pressure, or force per unit area

Question 22

th pressure is measured in terms of the mercur column’s … in the barometer tube

Answer 22

height

Question 23

from experiments like Torricelli’s it’s known that at sea level and at 0 degrees C the average pressure of the atmosphere can support a

Answer 23

760 mm column of mercury

Question 24

the atmospheric pressure at any given place depends on the

Answer 24

elevation and the weather conditions

Question 25

if the atmospheric pressure is greater than the average at sea level, the height of the mercury column in a barometer will be

Answer 25

greater than 760 mm and vice versa

Question 26

all gases exert

Answer 26

pressure

Question 27

a device called a manometer can be used to measure the pressure of an

Answer 27

enclosed gas sample

Question 28

the difference in the height of mercury in the two arms of the U-tube is a measure of the

Answer 28

oxygen gas presure in the container

Question 29

because atmospheric pressure is often measured by a mercury barometer, pressure can be expressed in terms of the

Answer 29

height of a mercury's column

Question 30

thus, the common unit of pressure is

Answer 30

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Question 31

a pressure of 1 mm Hg is also called

Answer 31

1 torr

Question 32

the average atmospheric pressure at sea level at 0 degrees C is

Answer 32

760 mm HG

Question 33

One atmosphere of pressure is defined as being exactly equivalent to

Answer 33

760 mm Hg

Question 34

In SI, pressure is expressed in derived units called

Answer 34

pascals

Question 35

one pascal is defined as the pressure exerted by a force of one

Answer 35

newton acting on an area of one square meter

Question 36

it's more convenient to express pressure in

Answer 36

kilopascals

Question 37

standard atmosphere is equal to

Answer 37

1.01325 x 10^5 Pa, or 101.326 kPa

Question 38

to compare volumes of gases, one must know the

Answer 38

temperature and pressure at which the volumes are measured

Question 39

for purposes of comparision, scientists have agreed on standard conditions of exactly

Answer 39

1 atm pressure and 0 degrees C

Question 40

1 atm pressure and 0 degrees C are called

Answer 40

standard temperature and pressure

Question 41

the pressure exerted by each gas in an unreactve mixture is independent of that exerted by

Answer 41

other gases present

Question 42

the pressure of each gas in a mixture is called the

Answer 42

partial pressure of that gas

Question 43

dalton's law of partial reassures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the

Answer 43

partial pressures of the component gases

Question 44

dalton's law: Pt=

Answer 44

P1 + P2 + P3

Question 45

each of the rapidly moving particles of gases in a mixture has an equal chance to

Answer 45

collide with the container walls

Question 46

therefore each gas exerts a pressure indepedent of that exerted by the

Answer 46

other gases pressent

Question 47

the total pressure is the result of the total number of collisions per

Answer 47

unit of wall area in a given time

Question 48

gases produced in the lab are ften collected over

Answer 48

water

Question 49

the gas produced by the reaction displaces the water, which is more dense, in the

Answer 49

collection bottle

Question 50

a gas collected by water displacement is not pure but is always mixed with

Answer 50

water vapor

Question 51

that is because water molecules at the liquid surface

Answer 51

evaporate and mix with the gas molecules

Question 52

water vapor like other gases exerts a pressure known as

Answer 52

vapor pressure

Question 53

Patm =

Answer 53

Pgas + PH2O

Question 54

to find the partial pressure of the dry gas collected you would subtract the pressure of the water vapor at the given temperature from the

Answer 54

total pressure

Question 55

the vapor pressure of water varies with

Answer 55

temperature