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Chem > Ch 7 Section 1 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

common names usually give no information about

A

chemical composition

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2
Q

to describe atomic makeup of compounds chemists use

A

systematic methods for naming compounds and for writing chemical formulas

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3
Q

for a molecular compound, the chemical formula reveals the number of atoms of each element contained in a

A

single molecule of the compound

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4
Q

an ionic compound consists of a lattice of

A

positive and negative ions held together by mutual attraction

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5
Q

the chemical formula for an ionic compound represents one formula unit–the

A

simplest ratio of the compound’s positive ions and its negative ions

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6
Q

parentheses surround the polyatomic anion to

A

identify it as a unit

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7
Q

when there is no subscript written next to an atom’s symbol, the value of the subscript is

A

understood to be 1

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8
Q

monatomic ions are ions formed from a

A

single atom

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9
Q

not all main-group elements readily

A

form ions

 

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10
Q

atoms of carbon and silicon form

A

covalent bonds in which they share electrons with other atoms
 

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11
Q

other elements tend to form ions that do not have

A

noble-gas configurations.

 

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12
Q

elements from the d-block form

A

2+, 3+, 1+, or 4+ cations

 

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13
Q

Many d-block elements form two

A

ions of different charges

 

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14
Q

monatomic cations are identified simply by

A

the elements name

 

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15
Q

in naming monatomic anions the ending of the element’s name is

A

dropped and replaced with -ide

 

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16
Q

numerals used in the naming of ions are part of the

A

stock system of naming chemical ions and elements

 

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17
Q

binary compounds are compounds composed of

A

two elements

 

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18
Q

in a binary ionic compound the total numbers of positive charges and

A

negative charges must be equal

 

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19
Q

the formula for a binary compound can be written given the

A

identities of the compound’s ions

 

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20
Q

in binary ionic compounds the charges of the compounds are not

A

included in the formula

 

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21
Q

crossing over is a method of balancing the

A

charges between ions in an ionic compound

 

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22
Q

Step 1 for cross over method

A

write the symbols for ions side by side, with cation first

 

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23
Q

step 2 for cross over: cross over the

A

charges by using the absolute value of each ion’s charge as the subscript for the other ion
 

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24
Q

step 3 for cross over: check the subscripts and divide them by their

A

largest common factor to give the smallest possible whole-number ratio of ions. then write the formula
 

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25
Q

nomenclature

A

naming system

 

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26
Q

the nomenclature of binary ionic compounds involves combining the names of the

A

compound’s positive and negative ions

 

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27
Q

for most simple ionic compounds, the ratio of the ions is not indicated in the compound’s name because it is

A

understood based on the relative charges of the compound’s ions
 

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28
Q

some elements form two or more

A

cations with different charges

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29
Q

to distinguish ions formed by elements that form 2 or more cations with different charges, scientists use the

A

stock system of nomenclature

 

30
Q

stock system uses a roman

A

numeral to indicate an ions charge

 

31
Q

numeral is enclosed in parentheses and is

A

placed immediately after the metal name

 

32
Q

names of metals that commonly form only one cation do not

A

include a Roman numeral

 

33
Q

there is no element that commonly forms more than

A

one monatomic anion

34
Q

oxyanions are polyatomic ions that

A

contain oxygen

 

35
Q

the name given a compound containing an oxyanion depends on the

A

number of oxygen atoms in the oxyanion

 

36
Q

(oxyanions) the name of the ion with the greater number of oxygen atoms ends in

A

-ate

 

37
Q

(oxyanions) the name of ion with smaller number of oxygen atoms ends in

A

-ite

38
Q

sometimes an element can form more than two types of

A

oxyanions

 

39
Q

an anion that has one fewer oxygen atom than the -ite atom has is given the prefix

A

hypo-

40
Q

an anion that has one more oxygen atom that the -ate anion has is given the prefix

A

per-

41
Q

compounds containing polyatomic ions are named in the same manner as

A

binary ionic compounds

 

42
Q

unlike ionic compounds molecular compounds are composed of individual

A

covalently bonded units (molecules)

 

43
Q

chemists use two nomenclature systems to name

A

binary molecules

 

44
Q

he newer system is the stock system for naming molecular compounds, which requires

A

an understanding of oxidation numbers

 

45
Q

the old system of naming molecular compounds is based on the use of

A

prefixes

46
Q

mono-

A

1

47
Q

di

A

2

48
Q

tri

A

3

49
Q

tetra

A

4

50
Q

penta

A

5

51
Q

hexa

A

6

52
Q

hepta

A

7

53
Q

octa

A

8

54
Q

nona

A

9

55
Q

deca

A

10

56
Q

(rules for prefix system) element that has the smaller group number is usually

A

given first

57
Q

(rules for prefix system) if both elements are in the same group, the element whose period number is greater is

A

given first

58
Q

(rules for prefix system) the element is given a prefix only if it

A

contributes more than one atom to a molecule of the compoudn

 

59
Q

(rules for prefix system) the second element is named by combing (a) a prefix indicating the

A

number of atoms contributed the element, the root of element’s name, and ending-ide
 

60
Q

(rules for prefix system) with few exceptions, the ending ide indicates that a compound contains only

A

2 elements

61
Q

(rules for prefix system) the o or a at the end of a prefix is usually dropped when the word following begins with

A

another vowel

62
Q

in covalent network compounds there are no distinct

A

units

63
Q

the subscripts in a formula for covalent-network compound indicate the

A

smallest whole-number ratio of the atoms in the compound

 

64
Q

an acid is a distinct type of

A

molecular compound

65
Q

most acids used in the lab can be classified as either

A

binary acids or oxyacids

 

66
Q

binary acids are acids that consist of

A

two elements, usually hydrogen and one of the halogens

 

67
Q

oxyacids are acids that contain

A

hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (usually nonmetal)

 

68
Q

the term acid typically refers to a solution in water of one of these

A

special compounds rather than to the compound itself

 

69
Q

many polyatomic ions are produced by the loss of hydrogen

A

ions from oxyacids

70
Q

a salt is an ionic compound composed of a

A

cation and the anion from an acid

 

71
Q

some salts contain anions in which

A

one or more hydrogen atoms from the acid are retained

 

72
Q

such anions are named by adding the word

A

hydrogen or prefix bi- to anion name

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