Ch 12 Section 1 Flashcards
Soluble: capable of
being dissolved
A solution is a homogenous mixture of
two or more substances in a single phase
in a solution, atoms, molecules, or ions are thoroughly mixed, resulting in a mixture that has
the same composition and properties throughout
in the simplest type of solution, the particles of one substance are randomly
mixed with the particles of another substance
the dissolving medium in a solution is the
solvent
the substance dissolved in a solution is the
solute
the solute is generally designated as that component of a solution that is of
lesser quantity
in a solution, the dissolved solute particles are so small that they
cannot be seen
the dissolved solute particles remain mixed with the solvent …., so long as the existing conditions remain..
indefinitely; unchanged
the solute particle dimensions are those of atoms, nmolecules and ions which range from about
0.01 to 1 nm in diameter
solutions may exist as
gases, liquids, or solids
many alloys are solid solutions in which the atoms of two or more
metals are uniformly mixed
by properly choosing the proportions of each metal in the alloy, many desirable properties can be
obtained
alloys can have higher … and greater resistance to … than the pure metals
strength; corrosion
if the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated, the mixture is a
suspension
gravity pulls the particles in a suspension to the
bottom of the container
partivles over 1000 nm in diameter—1000 times as large as atoms, molecules, or ions— form
suspensions
the particles in a suspension can be separated from heterogenous mixtures by
passing the mixture through a filter
particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures known as
colloidal dispersions (colloids)
particles between 1 nm and 1000 nm in diameter may form
colloids
the particles in a colloid are small enough to be suspended throughout the solvent by the constant movement of the
surrounding molecules
the colloidal particles make up the
dispersed phase
the water is the
dispersing medium
emulsion and foam refer to specific types of
colloids
many colloids appear homogenous because the individual particles cannot be
seen
the particles in colloids are large enough to
scatter light
tyndall effect occurs when light is scattereed by colloidal particles dispersed in a
transparent medium
the tyndal effect is a property that can be used to distinguish between a
solution and a colloid
the individual particles of a colloid can be detected under a microscope if a bright light is cast on the speciment at a
right angle
the particles in colloids are seen to move
rapidly in a random motion
this motion is due to collisions of rapidly moving molecules and is called
Brownian motion
substances that dissolve in water are classified according to whether they yield
molecules or ions in solution
when an ionic compound dissolves, the positive and negative ions separate from each other and are
surrounded by water molecules
these solute ions are free to move, making it possible for an electric current to
pass through the solution
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current is called an
electrolyte
a solution containing neutral solute molecules does not conduct electric current because it does not contain mobile
charged particles
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current isi called a
nonelectrolyte
the elctrodes are conductors that are attached to a power supply and that make electric
contact with the test solution
for a current to pass through the light bulb filament the test solution must provide a conducting path between the two
electrodes
a nonconducting solutionis like an open switch between the electrodes and there is no
current in the circuit
the light bulb glows brightly if a solution that is a good conductor is
tested
for a moderately conductive solution the light bulb is
dim
gas-gas solution example
oxygen in nitrogen
gas-liquid solution example
carbon dioxide in water
liquid-liquid solution example
alcohol in water
liquid-solid solution example
mercury in silver and tin (dental amalgam)
solid-liquid solution example
sugar in water
solid-solid solution example
copper in nickel (Monel alloy)
sol colloid- solid dispersed in liquid example
paints, mud
gel colloid- solid network extending throughout a liquid example
gelatin
liquid emulsion colloid- liquid dispersed in liquid example
milk, mayonnaise
foam colloid- gas dispersed in liquid example
shaving cream, whipped cream
solid aerosol collid-solid dispersed in gas example
smoke, airborne particulate matter, auto exhaust
liquid aerosol colloid-liquid dispersed in gas example
fog, mist, clouds, aerosol spray
solid emulsion colloid- liquid dispersed in solid example
cheese, butter
salt solution–
electrolyte solute
sugar solution–
nonelectrolyte solute
hydrochloric acid solution–
electrolyte solute
