Ch 50 Sensory System

Question 1

What transmits pain signals?

Answer 1

Free nerve endings

Question 2

What stimulates a pain signal?

Answer 2

1) Thermal stimuli
2) Mechanical stimuli
3) Molecules released by injured cells

Question 3

What two things are related in most animals?

Answer 3

1) Hearing

2) Perception of body equilibrium

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

Detect particles or moving fluids for hearing and perception of body equilibrium

Question 5

Hair cells

Answer 5

Receptors with mechanically-gated ion channels that open in response to displacement

Question 6

Hair cells are the receptors of what?

Answer 6

1) Hearing
2) Equilibrium
3) Electroreceptive

Question 7

Are all hair cells of similar structure?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Functions of vertebrate ear function

Answer 8

1) Sound reception

2) Balance

Question 9

Three structures through which vibrations from sounds are transmitted (in order)

Answer 9

1) Tympanic membrane
3) Three middle ear bones
3) Cochlea

Question 10

How is volume detected?

Answer 10

By the number of hair cells stimulated

Question 11

How is pitch detected?

Answer 11

By the position of the stimulated cells along the cochlea

Question 12

In invertebrates, movement and position relative to gravity is detected by:

Answer 12

Statolith-containing organs

Question 13

In vertebrates, movement and position relative to gravity is detected by:

Answer 13

The inner ear

Question 14

What is the later line system of aquatic vertebrates used for?

Answer 14

To detect vibrations and currents in water

Question 15

Chemoreception

Answer 15

The oldest and most universal sensory modality

Question 16

Six things chemoreception is important in identiying

Answer 16

1) Food
2) Mates
3) Predators
4) Noxious chemicals
5) CO2
6) H2O

Question 17

Olfactory cells

Answer 17

The receptors of smell

Question 18

Olfactory cells detect signals that:

Answer 18

1) Are distant from their source
2) Are at low threshold
3) Originate from volatile/soluble substances

Question 19

Phereomones

Answer 19

Chemicals used for communication among members of the same species

Question 20

How many different odorant receptors are possessed by mammals?

Answer 20

Over 1000

Question 21

Gustatory cells

Answer 21

The receptors of taste

Question 22

Gustatory receptors detect signals that

Answer 22

1) Come from contact with the chemical (especially contact with mouth parts)
2) Are food-related
3) Are water-soluble
4) Are in high concentrations

Question 23

In humans, how are receptor cells for taste organized?

Answer 23

As taste buds

Question 24

Individual taste cells of humans express what?

Answer 24

One receptor type

Question 25

Individual taste cells detect what?

Answer 25

One of the five tastes

Question 26

Five tastes

Answer 26

1) Sweet
2) Salty
3) Sour
4) Bitter
5) Umami

Question 27

Electroreceptors

Answer 27

Detect the electric field produced by the muscle activity of living organisms

Question 28

Electroreception is widely distributed among what group of organisms?

Answer 28

Aquatic chordates

Question 29

Photoreceptors

Answer 29

Receptors that respond to light

Question 30

The compound eyes of arthropods are comprised of many what?

Answer 30

Adjacent photoreceptors

Each with their own protective cornea and focusing lens

Question 31

Each photoreceptor of the arthropod compound eye contributes what?

Answer 31

A “pixel” to the image

Question 32

Single-lens eye of vertebrates

Answer 32

Focuses light on photoreceptors in the retina

Question 33

Rhodospins

Answer 33

Pigments that change configuration in response to light

Question 34

Rhodospins trigger what?

Answer 34

A reaction that stimulates nerves

Question 35

Rod photoreceptors

Answer 35

Sensitive to low light

Question 36

Cone photoreceptors

Answer 36

Sensitive to specific frequencies of light

Question 37

Cone photoreceptors are used for what kind of vision?

Answer 37

Color vision

Question 38

What results from interaction among neurons of the retina?

Answer 38

1) Lateral inhibition

2) Enhanced contrast in the image

Question 39

Pit organ

Answer 39

Detect infrared radiation

Function in thermal imaging

Question 40

Pit organs are possessed by what?

Answer 40

Some vipers