Ch 28 Protists (NOT DONE)

Question 1

Characteristics of protists

Answer 1

1) Eukaryotes

2) Unicellular

Question 2

Is “protist” a good monophyletic group?

Answer 2

No

It is polyphyletic

Question 3

Protist

Answer 3

Anything that is not a fungus, plant, or animal

Question 4

How many phyla are included as protists?

Answer 4

30 to 40

Question 5

Xenophyophores

Answer 5

Deep sea protists

Question 6

What are the larger free-living single cells?

Answer 6

Xenophyophores

Question 7

How large are xenophyophores?

Answer 7

Over 10 cm long

Question 8

Endosymbiosis

Answer 8

The process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, which becomes an endosymbiont and then organelle in the host cells

Question 9

Mitochondria evolved via what?

Answer 9

Endosymbiosis of an aerobic prokaryote

Question 10

Plastids evolved via what?

Answer 10

Endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic prokaryote

Question 11

What is now thought to have occurred repeatedly in the evolution of eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Endosymbiosis

Question 12

Supergroup Excavata

Answer 12

Share a similar cytoskeleton and some have an “excavated” feeding groove on the side of the body

Question 13

Supergroup Excavata includes:

Answer 13

1) Diplomands
2) Parabasalids
3) Euglenozoans

Question 14

Diplomands have (1)___ that do not function in (2)___ ___

Answer 14

1) Mitochondria

2) Aerobic metabolism

Question 15

Diplomands have two equal-sized (1)___ and mulitple (2)___

Answer 15

1) Nuclei

2) Flagella

Question 16

Giardia lamblia

Answer 16

A parastie of the human digestive tract

A diplomand

Question 17

How is Giardia lamblia acquired?

Answer 17

By drinking from infected streams, etc.

Question 18

Parabasalids have (1)___ that generate some energy (2)___

Answer 18

1) Hydrogenosomes

2) Anaerobically

Question 19

Hydrogenosomes

Answer 19

Reduced mitochondria

Question 20

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 20

Commonly infects the human urinary and reproductive tracts

A parabasalid

Question 21

Euglenozoans includes what three things?

Answer 21

1) Predatory heterotrophs
2) Photosynthetic autotrophs
3) Parasites

Question 22

Main defining characteristic of Eugleonzoans

Answer 22

A spiral or crystallin tod inside the flagella

Question 23

Two groups included in Euglenozoans:

Answer 23

1) Kinetoplastids

2) Euglenids

Question 24

Trypanosoma brucie

Answer 24

Infects humans and cattle

A kinetoplastid (Euglenozoan)

Question 25

What does Trypanosoma brucie cause?

Answer 25

African sleeping sickness caused by invasion of the central nervous system

Question 26

How is Trypanosoma brucie transmitted from host to host?

Answer 26

By tsetse flies

Question 27

The genome of Trypanosoma brucie codes for what?

Answer 27

Variable surface glycoproteins (VSG’s)

Question 28

Variable surface glycoproteins (VSG’s)

Answer 28

Are expressed sequentially to help the parasite evade the host’s immune system

Question 29

Leishmania

Answer 29

Can cause cutaneous (skin) or internal infections

A kinetoplastid (Euglenozoan)

Question 30

Leishmania is carried by what?

Answer 30

Sandflies

Question 31

Leishmania occurs where?

Answer 31

All continents except Australia and Antarctica

Question 32

Euglena

Answer 32

A Euglenozoan

A mixotroph