Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 172 > Ch 34 Chordates - Amphibians > Flashcards

Ch 34 Chordates - Amphibians Flashcards

1
Q

Lobe-finned fishes include what two living groups?

A

1) Actinistia

2) Dipnoi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Actinistia and Dipnoi have some characteristics of what?

A

The hypothetical first terrestrial vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Latimeria

A

Lobe-finned fish within the Actinistia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Latimeria possessed what?

A

Paired fins at the end of appendages with internal body elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lungfish retain what?

A

A prominent notochord (but have well-developed vertebrae as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do lungfish possess functional lungs?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lungfish can withstand what?

A

Drying in their habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When conditions of their environment require it, lungfish can enter what?

A

Estivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Estivation

A

A state of reduced physiological activity during drought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long can lungfish remain in estivation?

A

7 to 8 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of estivation

A

1) Air-breathe
2) Lower heart rate
3) Retain urea and other wastes
4) Catabolize body (lose weight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tetrapods

A

Ancestrally terrestrial and four-limbed vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the earliest diverging living group of the tetrapods?

A

Amphibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benefit(s) for chordates on land

A

O2 is 20 times more concentrated in air than in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difficulties for chordates on land

A

1) Air is 1,000 times more dense than water
2) Air is 50 times less viscous than water
3) Air experiences far grater temperature extremes
4) Terrestrial environments comprise a much greater diversity of habitats than do marine environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three body forms of amphibians

A

1) Frogs
2) Salamanders
3) Caecilians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many species of amphibians are there?

A

6,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Modern amphibian skeletal system

A

Skeleton is mostly bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many limbs do most amphibians have?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Characteristic of amphibian skin

A

Very moist

21
Q

Function of amphibian skin

A

Functions in respiration

22
Q

Salamanders

A

Tailed amphibians

23
Q

Are all amphibians endotherms or ectotherms?

A

Ectotherms

24
Q

What is the ancestral condition of the salamander life cycle?

A

Metamorphosis from aquatic larva to terrestrial adults

25
Q

How are salamander eggs fertilized?

A

Internally via a spermatophore passed to the female

26
Q

Spermatophore

A

A packet of sperm

27
Q

Newt life cycle

A

Have an aquatic larva followed by a terrestrial juvenile stage then by a second adult aquatic stage

28
Q

Paedomorphosis

A

The evolution of retention of larval characteristics into adulthood

29
Q

Many salamanders achieve sexual maturity while retaining what?

A

External gills and an aquatic habitat

30
Q

What allows for cutaneous respiration in all amphibians?

A

Extensive nets of blood vessels in the skin

31
Q

At various life stages, salamanders may have what?

A

Gills, lungs, both, or neither

32
Q

How do some salamanders capture prey

A

Via ballistic tongue projection

33
Q

Anurans

A

Frogs and toads

34
Q

How many species of anurans are there?

A

5,200

35
Q

Anurans are primarily adapted for what kind of locomotion?

A

Jumping locomotion

36
Q

How are anurans adapted for jumping locomotion?

A

1) Reduction of vertebrae
2) Fusion of bones
3) Elongation of bones

37
Q

What protein toughens that outer skin layer of anurans?

A

The protein keratin

38
Q

What limits water loss in the skin of anurans?

A

Mucous glands

39
Q

What kind of glands function in defense in anurans?

A

Toxin glands

40
Q

Anurans have what kind of circulatory system?

A

An efficient, closed circulatory system

41
Q

How many chambers does the heart of an anuran have?

A

Three

42
Q

Two circuits of anuran circulation

A

1) Pulmonary (lung) circuit

2) Systemic (body) circuit

43
Q

Do anurans have internal or external fertilization?

A

External

44
Q

Anurans deposit huge masses of eggs where?

A

In aquatic habitats

45
Q

How long can the process of metamorphosis in anurans take?

A

2-3 years

46
Q

Apodans

A

Caecilians

47
Q

Caecilians

A

Elongated, limbless, burrowing amphibians

48
Q

How many species of apodans exist?

A

170

BIOL 172 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions