Ch 29 Mosses and Early Vascular Plants

Question 1

Four key traits of land plants (absent in the charophytes)

Answer 1

1) Alternation of generations
2) Walled spores produced in sporangia
3) Multicellular gametangia
4) Apical meristems

Question 2

Alternation of generations

Answer 2

Alternation between two multicellular stages: gametophyte and sporophyte

Question 3

Gametophyte (ploidy)

Answer 3

Haploid

Question 4

Gametophyte produces:

Answer 4

Produces haploid gametes by mitosis

Question 5

Sporophyte (ploidy)

Answer 5

Diploid

Question 6

Sporophyte produced by:

Answer 6

Produced by fusion of the haploid gametes

Question 7

Sporophyte produces:

Answer 7

Produces haploid spores by meiosis

Question 8

In what plant groups are both the gametophyte and sporophyte conspicuous?

Answer 8

In some seedless plant groups (ferns, etc.)

Question 9

In a majority of plants, is the gametophyte stage or the sporophyte stage microscopic?

Answer 9

The gametophyte stage

Question 10

Gametangia

Answer 10

Organs that produce gametes

Question 11

Archegonia

Answer 11

Female gametangia

Question 12

Archegonia produce:

Answer 12

Eggs

Question 13

Archegonia are the site of:

Answer 13

Fertilization

Question 14

Antheridia

Answer 14

Male gametangia

Question 15

Antheridia produce:

Answer 15

Sperm

Question 16

Vascular tissue

Answer 16

Transports water and nutrients

Question 17

How can land plants be grouped (informally)?

Answer 17

Based on the presence or absence of vascular tissue

Question 18

Vascular plants

Answer 18

Possess vascular tissue

Question 19

Nonvascular plants

Answer 19

Do not possess vascular tissue

Question 20

Are most plants vascular or nonvascular?

Answer 20

Vascular

Question 21

Bryophytes

Answer 21

Extant nonvascular plants

Question 22

Three types of bryophytes:

Answer 22

1) Mosses
2) Hornworts
3) Liverworts

Question 23

In nonvascular plants, is the sporophyte stage or the gametophyte stage dominant?

Answer 23

The gametophyte stage is dominant

Question 24

Mosses

Answer 24

Small, herbaceous plants common in moist forests and wetlands

Question 25

Mosses require what for sexual reproduction?

Answer 25

A layer of water

Question 26

Can mosses survive environmental extremes, such as cold and prolonged drying?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

The moss (1)____ is attached to and dependent on the (2)___

Answer 27

1) Sporophyte

2) Gametophyte

Question 28

In some mosses, the leaves surrounding the antheridia form what?

Answer 28

A splash cup that facilitates movement of sperm during rain to neighboring archegonia

Question 29

Rhizoids

Answer 29

Long, tubular cells

Question 30

What anchor moss gametophytes to the ground?

Answer 30

Rhizoids

Question 31

Hornworts

Answer 31

Are often among the first colonizers of open or disturbed moist areas

Question 32

Hornworts possess simpler ___ than mosses and liverworts

Answer 32

Sporophytes

Question 33

Characteristics of vascular plants

Answer 33

1) Life cycles with dominant sporphyte
2) Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
3) Well-developed roots and leaves

Question 34

Phyla of seedless nonvascular plants:

Answer 34

1) Lycophyta

2) Pterophyta

Question 35

Phylum Lycophyta

Answer 35

Clubs mosses and spike mosses

Question 36

Are club mosses and spike mosses true mosses?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Phylum Pterophyta

Answer 37

Ferns and horsetails

Question 38

(1)___ are the most diverse seedless vascular plants, with more than (2)____ species

Answer 38

1) Ferns

2) 12,000

Question 39

Ferns have a (1)___ and (2)___ gametophyte

Answer 39

1) Independent

2) Visible

Question 40

Sori

Answer 40

Cluster of sporangia found on the underside of leaves

Question 41

What is possessed by the sporophyte of ferns?

Answer 41

Sori