Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 172 > Ch 39 Plant Behavior > Flashcards

Ch 39 Plant Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Plant horomones

A

Chemical signals that modify or control one or more specific physiological processes within a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plant hormones control what?

A

A plant’s dynamic response to its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are plant hormones produced in high or low concentrations?

A

Very low concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can greatly affect growth and development of a plant organ?

A

Very small amounts of plant hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In general, how do hormones control plant growth and development?

A

By affecting the division, elongation, and differentiation of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tropism

A

Any response resulting in curvature of organs toward or away from a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phototropism

A

The growth towards light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the first plant tropism and its hormonal basis to be investigated?

A

Phototropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the first plant hormone discovered in association with phototropism?

A

Auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Auxin

A

Refers to any chemical that promotes elongation of coleoptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coleoptiles

A

Grass shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is auxin produced?

A

In shoot tips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is auxin transported?

A

Down the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to the acid growth hypothesis, auxin stimulates what?

A

Proton pumps that lower pH and activate expansins and enzymes that loosen the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Major responses to auxin

A

Stimlulates cell elongation

Regulates branching and organ bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major responses to cytokinins

A

Stimulate plant cells division

Promotes later bud growth and slow organ death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Major response to gibberellins

A

Promote stem elongation

Helps seeds break dormancy and use stored reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major responses to brassinosteroids

A

Induce cell elongation and division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brassinosteroids are chemically similar to what?

A

Sex hormones of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Major responses to abscisic acid

A

Protomotes stomatal closure in response to drought

Promotes seed dormancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Major responses to strigolactones

A

Regulate apical dominance, seed germination, and mycorrhizal associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Major responses to ethylene

A

Mediates fruit ripening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cytokinins are produced by in what?

A

Actively growing tissues (roots, embryos, and fruits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What three plant hormones interact in the control of apical dominance

A

1) Cytokinins
2) Auxins
3) Strigolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Apical dominance

A

A terminal bud’s ability to suppress development of axillary buds

26
Q

What happens if a terminal bud is removed?

A

Plants become bushier

27
Q

What two plants hormones interact to loosen cell walls and facilitate entrance into the cells by expansins?

A

1) Auxin

2) Gibberelins

28
Q

Gibberelins control what?

A

Bolting

29
Q

Bolting

A

The rapid growth of a plant’s flowering stalk

30
Q

What two plant hormones that are necessary for flowers to yield fully-developed fruits?

A

1) Auxins

2) Gibberelins

31
Q

Gibberelins initiate secretions of what?

A

Digestive enzymes that make nutrients available to the plant embryo

32
Q

In some seeds, germination is stimulated by what?

A

When the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is removed by heavy rain, light, or prolonged cold

33
Q

What can cause precocious (early) germination of seeds?

A

Inactive or low levels of ABA

34
Q

How is the plant hormone ethylene distributed?

A

As a gas

35
Q

When is ethylene produced?

A

1) During fruit ripening

2) In response to stress (drought, flooding, injury, infection)

36
Q

Ethylene induces what kind of response?

A

A triple response

37
Q

Triple response

A

Allows a growing shoot to avoid obstacles

38
Q

Three steps of triple response

A

1) Slowing of stem elongation
2) Thickening
3) Horizontal growth

39
Q

What usually initiates hormonal responses leading to flowering and fruiting?

A

A photoperiod

40
Q

Photoperiod

A

The relative lengths of night and day

41
Q

Short-day plants

A

Plants that flower when a light period is shorter than a critical legnth

42
Q

Long-day plants

A

Plants that flower when a light period is longer than a critical length

43
Q

Thigmotropism

A

Growth in response to touch that occurs in vines and other climbing paltns

44
Q

Thigmomorphogenesis

A

Refers to changes in form that result from mechanical disturbances

45
Q

Touching young plants can result in what?

A

Slowed apical growth

46
Q

Gravitropism

A

Response to gravity

47
Q

Roots show what kind of gravitropism?

A

Positive gravitropism

48
Q

Shoots show what kind of gravitropism?

A

Negative gravitropism

49
Q

Statoliths

A

Dense cytoplasmic components

50
Q

How doe plants detect gravity?

A

By the settling of statoliths

51
Q

Secondary compounds

A

Compounds produced for defense

52
Q

Toxins

A

Secondary compounds produced in small amounts

53
Q

Inhibitors of digestion

A

Secondary compounds produced in large amounts

54
Q

Alkaloids

A

A major group of bitter-tasting plant toxin

55
Q

What are alkaloids derived from?

A

Amino acids

56
Q

Four known alkaloids

A

1) Caffeine
2) Nicotine
3) Morphine
4) Strychnine

57
Q

Phenolics

A

Have antiseptic properties or inhibit digestion

58
Q

How do phenolics inhibit digestion?

A

By binding proteins and interfering with enzymes

59
Q

Three known phenolics

A

1) Tannins
2) Lignin
3) Cannibinoids

60
Q

Plants damaged by insects release chemicals to:

A

1) Warn other plants of the same species

2) “Recruit” predators that help defend against predators

BIOL 172 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions