Ch 30 Seed Evolution in Gymnosperms

Question 1

Seed

Answer 1

Consists of an embryo and nutrients

Question 2

What surrounds the seed?

Answer 2

A protective seed coat

Question 3

Why are plant seeds an advance in the evolution of life on land?

Answer 3

They enabled the plants that possessed them to become the dominant producers in most terrestrial ecosystems

Question 4

In addition to seeds, the following are common to all seed plants:

Answer 4

1) Reduced gametophyte
2) Heterospory
3) Ovules
4) Pollen

Question 5

In nonvascular plants, what is the dominant free-living stage?

Answer 5

The gametophyte

Question 6

In seedless vascular plants, what is the dominant free-living stage?

Answer 6

The sporophyte

Question 7

What is true of the gametophytes of seed plants?

Answer 7

They develop within the walls of the spores and are retained within tissues of the sporophyte

Question 8

The ancestors of seed plants were likely homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 8

Homosporous

Question 9

Homosporous

Answer 9

Possessing one type of sporangia

Question 10

Seed plants are homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 10

Heterosporous

Question 11

Heterosporous

Answer 11

Possessing male and female sporangia

Question 12

Megasporangia

Answer 12

Produce megaspores

Question 13

Megaspores

Answer 13

Give rise to the female gametophyte (produces eggs)

Question 14

Microsporangia

Answer 14

Produce microscopes

Question 15

Microspores

Answer 15

Give rise to the male gametophyte (pollen grains)

Question 16

An ovule consists of:

Answer 16

1) Megasporangium
2) Megaspore
3) One or more protective integuments

Question 17

What occurs once a pollen grain reaches the ovule?

Answer 17

It extends a pollen tube that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

Question 18

Advantages of seeds over spores:

Answer 18

1) Can remain dormant for days to years until conditions are favorable for germination
2) Have supply of stored food
3) May be transported long distances by wind or animals

Question 19

Two groups of seed plants:

Answer 19

1) Gymnosperms

2) Angiosperms

Question 20

Gymnosperms

Answer 20

Seeds are exposed on groups of sporangia that form cones

Question 21

Angiosperms

Answer 21

Flowering plants with seeds within fruits

Question 22

Four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 22

1) Cycadophyta
2) Ginkophyta
3) Gnetophyta
4) Coniferophyta

Question 23

Phylum Cycadophyta

Answer 23

Cycads

Question 24

Phylum Ginkophyta

Answer 24

One living species, Ginko biloba

Question 25

Phylum Genetophyta

Answer 25

Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia

Question 26

Phylum Coniferophyta

Answer 26

Conifers (pine, fir, redwood, etc.)

Question 27

Cycad cones

Answer 27

Have large cones

Question 28

Cycad leaves

Answer 28

Palm-like leaves

Question 29

Are cycads palms?

Answer 29

NO! Palms are angiosperms and cycads are gymnosperms

Question 30

What is the largest gymnosperm phyla?

Answer 30

Conifers

Question 31

During what part of the year do conifers carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 31

All year round because they do not lose their needles