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Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors name ?

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporin
  • cycloserine
  • bacitracin
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2
Q

natural P ?

A
  1. benzylP /P-G
  2. phenoxyMethylP /P-V
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3
Q

Semi synthetic P ?

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. ampicillin
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4
Q

narrow spectrum P /

A

P-G & P-V

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5
Q

Broad spectrum P ?

A

A+A

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6
Q

beta lactamase sensitive ?

A
  1. A
  2. A
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7
Q

Beta lactamase resistant P ?

A
  1. cloxacillin
  2. Di-cloxacillin
  3. flu-cloxacillin
    nafcillin
    oxacillin
    methicillin
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8
Q

indication of P-G ?

A
  • sub acute bacterial endocarditis
  • syphillis
  • streptococcal infections
  • gonorrhoea
  • gas gangrene
  • tetanus
  • pneumococcal
  • prophylactic use

SGPT- 3221

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9
Q

indication of P-V ?

A
  • streptococcal
  • pneumococcal
  • trench mouth
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10
Q

indications of ampicillin ??

A
  • SABE
  • shigellosis
  • gonorrhea
  • RTI
  • neonatal infections
  • acute cholecytitis
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11
Q

indications of amoxicillin ?

A
  • UTI
  • gonorrhoea
  • child infections
  • stretococcal infections
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12
Q

M/A of P ?

A

page-758

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13
Q

benzathine P is preferred for prophylaxis of RF ??

A
  1. reduce the risk of subsequent acute RF
  2. NO resistance
  3. once monthly dosing
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14
Q

anti-microbials used in P hypersensitivity?

A
  • macrolides
  • metronidazole
  • vancomycin
  • aztreonam
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15
Q

Anti-pseudomonal P ??

A
  • carbenicillin
  • azlocillin

757

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16
Q

Depot P ??

A
  1. P-G + Procaine = 4-5 days
  2. P-G + Benzathine = 26 days
  3. intrathecal = convulsion
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17
Q

what type of action by P ??

A

Bactericidal

758

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18
Q

M/A of P ??

758

A
  1. Inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme
  2. binding with PBP
  3. Autolysins

758

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19
Q

degradative product of P ??

A

Penicilloic acid `

760

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20
Q

anti-staphylococcal p ?

A
  • cloxacillin
  • o-cloxacillin
  • flu-cloxacillin
  • nafcillin
  • oxacillin
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21
Q

non-beta lactam bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors name ??

A
  • vancomycin
  • cycloserine
  • bacitracine
  • daptomycin
  • Dalba-Tela-Orita-VANCIN
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22
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors >

A

calvulanic acid
sul-bactam
tazo-bactam
avi-bactam
rele-bactam

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23
Q

amoxicillin + calvulinic acid = ?????

A

a= destroy by beta-lactamase
but CA inhibit it
so A is prolonged

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24
Q

M/A of cephalosporine ?

A

same as P

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25
4th genetgeneration C ?
Cefepime
26
3rd generation C /
* cefixime * ceftriaxone * ceftazidime * cefotaxime
27
1st G c ?
cephradine cefa-droxil cefa-zolin
28
2nd G C ?
Cefuroxime cefotetan cefoxitin cefaclor
29
A/E of P ?
* HYpersensitivy * seizure * \N-V-D * neutropenia * intestinal nephristis * hepatitis
30
impenam + cilastatin = ??
I = inactivated by dehydropeptidase in renal tubules Cilastatin = inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase | 773
31
oral C ??
1 = cefadroxil 2= cefaclor 3=cefixime
32
5th Generation C ??
* CeftoBiprole * CeftaRoline | 766
33
anti=pseudomonal C ??
1. Cefepime 2. ceftazidime 3. C + azobactum 4. ceftoLozan + tazobactum | 766
34
🤰 category of C ??
all safe | 766
35
A/E of C ??
1. Allergy - hypersensitivity reaction 2. cross allergenicity 3. super infection 4. bleeding 5. disulfiram like action 6. IM= local pain 7. IV= Thrombophlebitis 8. N-V-D-Ab pain | /769
36
why C is not given in a pt who is allergic to P ??
cross allergenicity | 769
37
2nd G C spectrum ??
1. less G + 2. Moderate G - 3. PEcK + HEN 4. H= H influenza E = Enterobacter N = Neisseria | 765
37
1st G C spectrum ??
* very active against G + * moderate G - * = PEcK = Proteus + E coli + Klebsiella * resistant to beta lactamase enzyme | 765
38
4th G C spectrum >>>
more resistANT To Beta lactamase
39
3rd G C spectrum ??
* less G + * Expamded G - * HEN PEcK PSC * P= Providencia S = Serratia C = Citobacter | 766
40
3rd G C indication ???
* meningitis * pneumococci * meningococci * H influenza * salmonella = gonorrheal infection * RTI * UTI * BTI * meningitis * prostatitis * synovitis * osteomyeltis * enteric fever | 768
41
4th G C indication ??
* nosocomial infection caused by - Enterobactar + citobacter + serratia | 768
42
1 indication of penicillin ?
chemo prophylaxis of rheumatic fever
43
SSTI e which quinolone >
flucloxacillin
44
which Cephalosporin used most ?
ceftriaxone in 3rd G
45
oral indication of 3rd G C ?
UTI RTI speticemia
46
prophylactic use of penicllin which one ?
P-G
47
Ratio of co-trimoxazole ?
5:1
48
Why trimethprim is less ?
it is more lipid soluble - rapidly distributed 1:5 - peak conc e same time jay more potent to its target
49
are quinolones pregnancy safe >
NO
50
SHORT acting penicillin name ?
Ampicillin amoxicillin P-V
51
LONG acting penicillin ?
benzathin P Procaine p
52
oral penicillin name ?
P-V amoxicillin ampicillin cloxacillin flucloxacillin
53
pparental P name >
P-G procaine P nafcillin methicillin pipoercillin
54
why not orally given ?
acid labile destroyed by gastric acid
55
spectrum of amoxiccilin ?
broad
56
spectrum of P-G ?
NARROW
57
Amoxicillin er limitations resist korte tumi kon step niba >
763
58
why penicillin pregnancy safe ?
**Penicillin is considered safe in pregnancy** because it does not cross the placenta in significant amounts and has no known teratogenic effects, making it widely used for treating bacterial infections in pregnant women.
59
why aminoglycoside not P safe <
cross blood-placental barrier
60
indication of long acting peniccilin <
RF
61
RF e Penicillin?
Conclusion: Long-acting penicillin is used for years or lifelong in rheumatic fever prophylaxis, with injections every 3-4 weeks.
62
thyphoid -- which cephalosporin?
The cephalosporin used in typhoid is **Ceftriaxone**. It is a third-generation cephalosporin and is effective against *Salmonella typhi*, the causative organism of typhoid fever.
63
which Cephalosporin in wound infection ?
For wound infections, first-generation cephalosporins like Cefazolin or Cephalexin are commonly used because they are effective against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species),
64
in respiratory purpose when we use levofloxacin and when ciprofloxacin
According to **Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology**: - **Levofloxacin** is preferred for **respiratory infections** like: - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) - Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) - Because it has better activity against **Streptococcus pneumoniae** and atypical pathogens (e.g., *Mycoplasma*, *Chlamydia*, *Legionella*). - **Ciprofloxacin** is used for respiratory infections caused by **Gram-negative bacteria**, such as: - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). - It is less effective against **S. pneumoniae** and atypical pathogens compared to levofloxacin. **Summary**: Use **levofloxacin** for typical and atypical respiratory pathogens, and **ciprofloxacin** for Gram-negative respiratory infections like *Pseudomonas*.
65
frequency of dosing of amoxicillin?
3 times /day
66
frequency of dosing of ampicillin ?
4 times /day 764
67
non- beta lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
vancomycin daptomycin cycloserin fosfomycin bacitracin DALBA-TELA-ORITA-vancin 15.2.2025 11.04PM
68
benzathine penicillin dose in RF ?
Once monthly dosing
69
penicillin dose for Rheumatic fever in 10 & 20 years old child
💉**Rheumatic Fever Px – Penicillin G Benzathine IM**👇 👦**10 y/o (<27kg)** → **600,000 U IM** q4w 👱‍♂️**20 y/o (≥27kg)** → **1.2 million U IM** q4w ⏳**Duration**: - Carditis+valve: 🕐 10y or until age 40 - Carditis no valve: 10y or age 21 - No carditis: 5y or age 21 💊PO alt: Pen V BID x10d (acute), or daily PO for 2°px @usmlereviews
70
indication of vancomycin ?
sepsis endocarditis Pseudomembranous colitis by clindamycin 6.01 PM 13.4.2025
71
Prophylactic use of penicillin ?
RF bacterial endocarditis + enteric fever
72
Doxycycline indication ?
💊**Doxycycline Indications**👇 🦠**Rickettsial dz**: RMSF, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma 🦟**Lyme dz**: early/late, neuro/cardio 🦠**Chlamydia**: cervicitis, urethritis 🌍**Malaria ppx** (chloroquine-R areas) 🦠**Atypical PNA**: Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila 🧫**Acne vulgaris** (mod-severe) 💉**Plague**, tularemia, brucellosis 🪠**Anthrax**: post-exposure & tx 🌾**Leptospirosis** 💊MRSA (CA-skin infxn alt) 👁**Trachoma** 🦷**Periodontitis** ⚠️CI: <8y, preg → teeth stain, bone growth delay @usmlereviews

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