Adrenergic Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Adrenergic Drugs
A
Non selective
1.Adrenaline
2.Nor adrenaline
3.Isoprenaline
4.Dopamine
Selective
Alpha-1 Selective
1.Phenylephrine
2.Methoxamine
Alpha-2 Selective
1.Clonidine
2.Guanfacine
3.Alpha methyl dopa
B-1 selective
1.Dobutamine
B-2 selective
1.Salbutamol
2.Salmeterol
3.Terbutaline
4.Fenoterol
5.Ritodrine
2
Q
site of synthesis of adrenaline ??
A
adrenal medulla
240
3
Q
site of synthesis of nor adrenaline ??
A
adrenergic nerve ending
240
4
Q
Beta 1 receptor site ??
A
- heart
- JG cells of kidney
246
4
Q
steps of synthesis of Ad ??
A
240
5
Q
which one is Pseudo-NT >??
A
Adrenaline
site - adrenal medulla
other NT - nerve ending
243
6
Q
B1 function ??
A
- inc HR - FOC - CV - BP
- Inc renin secretion
246
7
Q
Beta 2 site ??
A
- arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles
- smooth muscles of - bronchusn - gall bladder - urinary bladder - uterus - GIT
- Liver
- endocrine pancreas
246
8
Q
B2 function ??
A
- Vasodilation
- bronchodilation
- Relaxation
- inc secretion of insulin & glucagon
- glycogenolysis
246
9
Q
Beta 3 site ??
A
adipose tissue
10
Q
beta 3 function ??
A
lipolysis
247
10
Q
alpha 1 function ??
A
- Vasoconstriction
- Mydriasis
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
246
11
Q
Alpha 1 site ??
A
- eye - iris radial muscle
- sphincter of whole body except pupil
- uterus , pragnant
- sweat & salivary gland
- Liver
- arteriole of skin heart kidney skeletal muscle
12
Q
Alpha 2 site ??
A
- arterioles of heart skin salivary gland
- pre synaptic nerve terminal
- endocrine pancreas
- adipose tissue
- platelet
246
13
Q
why Adrenergic receptors are called sutoreceptors ??
A
they are found in - presynaptic neurons
247
13
Q
which receptors inc BP ??
A
- B1
- A1 - Vasoconstriction
14
Q
which adrenrgic drugs in premature labour ??
A
ritodrine
249
15
Q
Indications of adrenaline ??
A
- Anaphylactic shock
- anesthetics
- status asthmaticus
- glaucoma
- cardiac arrest
- nasal bleeding
- nasal decongestant
AA SGC NN
16
Q
contraindications of Ad»_space;
A
- HTN
- IHD
- DM
- BPH
- Arrthyrmia
- hyperthyroidism
253
17
Q
A/E of Ad ??
A
- tremor
- restlessness
- insomnia
- anxiety
- constipation
- retention of urine
- hyperglycemia
- HTN
- Sinus tachycardia
- ventricular arrtyhmia
253
18
Q
other name of Ad ??
A
epinephrine
19
Q
role of Ad in Anaphylactic shock ??
A
- A1 = Vasoconstriction = + BP
- B1 = + BP
- B2 = Bronchodilation
- Mast cell = inhibit histamine & vasoactive amine
255
20
Q
role of dopamine in Cardiogenic shock ??
A
- B1 = + BP
- D1 = renal vasodialtion = + RBF = +GFR = improve renal fucntion
256
21
Q
dopamine receptors anme ??
A
A1
A2
B1
D1
D2
22
Nasal decongestant drugs name ??
* XyloMetazoline
* oxymetazoline
* adrenaline
* ephedrine
* pseduo ephdrine
| 263
23
reversible A1 blocker name ??
1. prazosin
2. teraZ
3. doxaZ
4. Tamsulosin
5. alfuzosin
| 268
24
reversible A2 blockers name ??
* Yohimbine
25
reversible A1+2 ??
Phentolamine
26
irreversible A1+2 drugs name ??
phenoxybenzamine
27
indications of Alpha blockers >>
* pheochromocytoma
* HTN emergency
* chronic HTN
* BPH
* erectile dysfunction
* PVD
* Distal urethral stone
| 269
28
A+B blocker <<
labetalol
29
indication of labetalol ??
1. Emergency HTN
2. Pheochromocytoma
| 268
30
erectile dysfucntion drugs name ??
* phentolamine
* alprostadil
* papaverine
* sildenafil
* taaldafil
* vardenafil
| 268
31
A/E of prazosin ??
1. postural Hypotension
2. reflaex tachycardia
3. D-V
4. miosis
5. ejaculatory failure
| 270 f
32
1st dose effect what happens??
* orthostatic hypotension - syncope - fainting
| 271
32
1st dose effect which drugs >?>?
* ACEi
* alpha blockers
* ARB
33
Postural hypotension BP ??
>> 20mmHg
34
which drugs cause postural Hypotension ??
271
35
Tamsulosin in BPH ???
relax capsular smooth muscle of prostate - releive urinary obstruction
| 273
36
HTN + BPH = ??
Prazosine
boi e vul deya
12-2-2025
2.05AM
| 274
37
Postural Hypotension by A blockers ??
271
38
reflec tachycardia by Prazosin ??
272
39
RT by Phenoxybenzamine >>> Prazosine ??
272
40
Pheochromocytoma ??
tumor of adrenal medulla
phenoxybenzamine
| 274
40
selective B1 blocker ??
* atenolol
* bisoprolol
* metoprolol
* nebivolol
* esmolol
41
selective B2 ??
butoxamine
| 275
41
WIth ISA non-selective B bloclers name ??
pindolol
42
- ISA which B blocker ??
* propranolol
* sotalol
* timolol
43
mixed ??
* labetalol
* carvedilol
| 275
43
partial agonists which one ??
PINDOLOL
44
Role of Beta blockers in CVS ??
* HTN
* IHD
* HF
* Cardiac arrhythmia
* aortic dissection
* subarachnoid hemorrhage
* obstructive cardiomyopathy
* fallots tetralogy
| 279
45
others indication ??
* pheochromocytoma
* hyperhtyroidism
* cushing disease
* glaucoma
* esophageal varices
* tremor
* migraine
* melanoma
* anxiety disorder
| 278
46
why selective >>> non-selective ??
* no unwanted bronchoconstriction
* no impaired pulmonary fucntion - COPD asthma
* less effect of periphral vascular B2 receptors
* less frequent = coldness of extremity
* useful = HTN + dm
| 280
47
beta blockers in Hyperthyroidism ??
281
48
Fallots tetralogy by Beta blockers >?>??
281
49
state of beta blockers as Anti-HTN ??
no longer used as first line therapy
| 280
50
For DM which one ??
atenolol
51
why not propranolol in DM ??
P cause Hypoglycemia
| 281
52
how to withdrwa beta blocker ??
## Footnote
284
reduce the dose over 10-14 days and then withdraw it
| 284
53
acute withdraw effect of beta blockers >??
rebound HTN
| 284
54
Common A/E of insulin therapy ??
hypoglycemia
| 2874
55
if Pt take insulin for DM will you give Beta blockers ??
NO
| 285
56
How to identify hypoglycemia ??
* palpitation
* tachycardia
* anxiety
* tremor
* sweating
* hunger pain
* nausea
57
A/E of beta blockers ??
* bradycardia
* hypotension
* sedation
* sleep distrubance
* cold ectremities
* dyslipidemia
* 'sexual dysfucntion
* weight gain
| 282
58
why Bisprolol >>> propranolol in asthma ???
283
59
role of Beta blockers in HTN ??
279
| M/A
59
why amphotamine is not used now ??
euphoria
265
60
topical decongestant in the eye ot the nose ??
| 259
OXYMETAZOLINE
| 259
61
HTN + BPH = ??
prazosin
62
BPH = ?
Tamsulosin
63
will you give prazosin in young man ?
NO
64
why ??
it may cause ejacualtory failure
65
which drugs to compemsate postural hypotension & reflax tachycardia ?
PH- midodrine + fludrocortison
RT - Beta blockers - 280
9.24Pm
8–4-2025
66
natural cathecolamine anme <
adrenaline'
nor-A
dopamine
67
synthetic catrhecolamine ?
isoprenaline'dobutamine'dopexamine
doxepine
ibopamine
67
Metabolism of cathecolamine ?
243
68
Reflax tachycardia causing drugs ?
hydralazine
nifedipine
minoxidil
GTN
Na-nitroprusside
271
69
which beta blocker used in glaucomaa ?
timolo
betaxolol
carteolol
278`
70
D1 drugs site
Here are **5 specific sites** where **D1 receptors** are located:
1. **Striatum** (Basal ganglia)
2. **Cerebral cortex**
3. **Nucleus accumbens** (Limbic system)
4. **Renal blood vessels** (Kidneys)
5. **Mesenteric blood vessels**
These sites are key locations for D1 receptor activity in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.
71
anaphylactic shock occur by which chemical ?
histamine
72
histamine receptor koyta ?
1 2 3 4
73
which histamine receptor in bronchus's?
H1
74
Atenolol works on which organ ?
as it Beta-1 blocker /
Heart
JG cell
75
JG cell e atenolol ki kore ?
inc renin secretion
76
atenolol kidney er kothay kaj kore ?
JG cells
77
dopamine action site in kidney ?
vessels
78
yohimbine indication ?
Yohimbine Indications (Short):
1. **Erectile Dysfunction**
2. **Orthostatic Hypotension**
3. **Alpha-2 Agonist Overdose Reversal**
4. **Research (e.g., weight loss, performance)**
79
why dopamine used in kidney?
to improve renal function
80
M/A of alpha methyl dopa ?
373
81
alpha 2 blocker fucntion ?
Short Summary of Alpha-2 Blocker Functions:
1. **Increase norepinephrine release** (blocks negative feedback).
2. **Stimulate sympathetic activity** (increased heart rate and blood pressure).
3. **May cause vasodilation** in some cases.
4. **Enhance alertness and arousal** (CNS effects).
5. **Used experimentally** or for conditions like erectile dysfunction (e.g., yohimbine).
82
why adrenaline is not used in cardiogenic shock ??
257
83
CNS stimulant drugs name ?
cocain e
amphetamine
caffeine
84
market name of amphetamine >
adderall
concerta
264
85
time to reach steady state con ?
steady-state is typically reached after 4 to 5 X half-lives of the drug.
For example, if a drug has a half-life of 6 hours, steady-state will be reached in approximately 24 to 30 hours.
86
Dopamine synthesis ?
tyrsoine --- DOPA -- Dopmine
87
what is steady state conc ?
In pharmacology, the steady-state concentration refers to the point at which the amount of drug entering the body (via administration) is equal to the amount of drug being eliminated from the body (via metabolism and excretion).
88
how to inhibit uptake of adrenaline & nor-adrenaline >
TCA
cocaine
89
nor-adrenaline fate ??
about 70-80% is transported into the cytoplasm of the terminal by the norepinephrine transporter - NET
240
90
why nor-adrneline is not in use in anaphylactic shok
- **Noradrenaline lacks beta-2 activity**: Cannot relieve bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis.
- **Adrenaline has beta-2 effects**: Essential for bronchodilation in anaphylactic shock.
- **Noradrenaline does not stabilize mast cells**: Adrenaline prevents further histamine release.
- **Adrenaline addresses multiple issues**: Combats hypotension, bronchospasm, and mast cell activation.
- **Noradrenaline is less comprehensive**: Only acts on alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors, insufficient for anaphylaxis.
**Conclusion**: Adrenaline is preferred for anaphylactic shock due to its broader and more effective actions.
91
mixed adrenergic agonits name ?
ephedrine'
pseudoephedrine
metaraminol
92
how to inhibit MAO ?
pargyline
102
Thyrotoxicosis which Beta Blockers ?
Atenolol
Propranolol
Misoprolol
