Anesthesia Flashcards
objectives / characteristics /cardinal features of GA ??
649
- analgesia
- amnesia - loss of memory
- loss of consciousness
- loss of autonomic reflex
- skeletal muscle relaxation
stages of GA ?
- S-1 = Analgesia
- S-2 = excitement
- S-3 = Surgical A
- S-4 = medullary paralysis
549
which stage is tried to do short / skipped ??
stage-2
violent + combative behavior + rise / irregularity of BP
How to short stage - ??
before inhalation A
IV - thiopental
649
other name / sign
of stages of GA ??
Goudels signn
649
which A is using recently ??
PROPOFOL
650
Pre-anesthetic medication drugs name ??
- reduce anxiety = BDZ
- reduce analgesia = NSAID + opioids
- reduce bronchial salivary sweating secration = Anti-Muscarinic
- reduce gastric acid secretion = PPI
- Prevent vomiting = Ondansetron + metoclopramide
- prevent allergy = Antihistamine
- prevent infection = antibiotics
- for emptying GIT = Laxatives
651
stage of GA ??
- Induction
- maintenance
- recovery
652
Drugs of Induction stage ??
- IV = Thiopental + Propofol + Etomidate
- Inhalation = halothane + sevoflurane
652
Drugs in Maintanence stage of GA ??
- IV = propofol
- Inhalation = Nitrous oxide + O2 + Halothane + sevoflurane
- Neuromuscular blocker + Opioid
652
Drugs in Recovery stage of GA ??
- Withdraw of Inhalation
- Reverse muscle relaxation = Neostigmine
- Analgesic = Opioid
- Anti-emetic = Ondansetron + Metoclopramide + Cyclizine
652
combination of mutilple drugs for GA is called ??
Balanced A
653
IV / parental A name ??
- BDZ - Dia+Lora=Zepam + Midazolam
- Barbiturates = Thiopental Na + Methohexital
- Opioid = morphine + pethidine + fentanyl
- propofol
- ketamine
- etomidate
654
which A drugs in BD ??
- Thiopental Na
- ketamine
- propofol
KTP
Which A drugs in children??
PROPOFOL
654
Inhalation A ??
- Halothane
- sevoflurane
- enflurane
- desflurane
- Nitrous oxide
- O2
- isoflurane
654
why Halothane + Nitrous oxide ??
- H = Good analgesia No A
- NO = Good A but No Analgesia
656
dissociative A ??
ketamine A
655
M/A of ketamine ??
661
- profound analgesia
- unresponsiveness to coma
- amnesia
- eyes open
- limbs involuntary
- breath spontaneously
- DIssociative A
661
Antiodote of Thiopental Na ??
No specific Antidote
658
cellular M/A of thiopnetal / GA ??
- EFfects on synaptic transmission
- action potential generation of propagation
658
Molecular M/A of GA ??
- Target = Ligand gated ion channels
- inc sensitivity of the GABAa receptors to GABA
658
Why Thiopental Na is preferred for Induction ??
- lipid solubility
- IV
- Quickly enters into CNS
- Time = 1 minute
658
what will happen if Thiopental Na is given in a post-operative patient ??
- cardio-respiratory depression
659
Mostly used LA ??
LIDOCAINE
665
Minor surgery which A ??
Local A
664
Esters of LA ??
- Procaine
- cocaine
- tetracaine
- benzocaine
664
Amides of LA ??
- Lidocaine
- bupiVacaine
- MepiVacaine
- LevoBupivacaine
664
Why LA + Adrenaline ??
668
- Adrenaline = local vasoconstriction
- dec blood flow
- dec absoprtion of LA
- LA can act on nerve for more time
- Prolongation of action of LA
668
Relationship of LA & Contact ??
inc contact time of LA = inc duration of action
Dose of Lidocaine with/without Adrenaline ??
- L only = 4.5 mg/kg
- L + Adrenaline = 7 mg/kg
664
in 70kg person dose of L ??
- Only L = 70*4.5 = 315mg
- L+A = 70*7 = 490 mg
664
caessarian delivery which LA ??
Spinal LA
667
Painless vaginal delievry which LA ??
Epidural LA
667
M/A of LA ??
667
LA form in market ??
Ample - Liquid - Ionized form
contraindications of Adrenaline in LA ??
Donot apply in arteries containing end arteries = gangrene - ischemia + necrosis
668
which surgical OT by LA ??
- Abscess drainage
- circumcision
- cesarean section
- orthopedic procedure
- vascular surgeries
670
most important A/E of LA ??
Tongue numbness + metallic taste
669
others A/E of LA ??
- Sleepiness
- light-Headedness
- nystagmus
- muscular twitching
- tonic clonic convulsions
- depression of CNS
- Cardiac arrest
- arrythmia
669
Indications of Ketamine ??
- useful for Pt who are at risk of hypotension + bronchospasm
- popular alternative of opioid as minimize respiratory depression
- multiple routes can apply
- combined with propofol
661
advantages of Lidocaine ??
✅ ↑ Potency 🔥 (crosses nerve membrane easily)
✅ ↑ Duration of Action ⏳ (binds to lipophilic tissue → slow release)
✅ ↑ Nerve Penetration 🎯 (better blockade of deep nerves)
✅ ↓ Systemic Absorption 🚫 (stays local, less toxicity)
✅ Better Protein Binding 🛡️ (prolonged effect)
which drugs are used as route of administration for LA ??
Spinal & epidural LA
Which A used with gasegaseous GA ??
O2
In which stage of GA surgery is proceded ??
surgical A
Prof
why we give Atropine before A ??
Dec secretion
651 PROF
Which receptor is blocked by Lidocaine ??
voltage gated Na channel in afferent neurons
indication of Bupivacaine ??
cesarian section
indication of Thiopental Na ??
658
most popular IV GA ??
PROPOFOL
659
