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Pharmacology > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Which of penicillin V and penicillin G are more stable in the presence of gastric acid ?

A

Penicillin V

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2
Q

What pregnancy category are penicillins ?

A

B

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3
Q

T/F

Penicillin G and penicillin V are natural first generation penicillins

A

True

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4
Q

T/F

Penicillin V Generally exhibits higher antibacterial potency than Penicillin G

A

False

Lower

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5
Q

T/F

Majority of penicillins are excreted renally

A 
True
Except Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Piperacillin
These are excreted by biliary system
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6
Q

T/F

Clarithromycin is equally well absorbed with or without food

A

True

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7
Q

T/F

Erythromycin base is vulnerable to gastric acid degradation and must be taken on an empty stomach

A

True

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8
Q

T/F

Azithromycin absorption is deCreased by food & best taken 1-2 hour before meal

A

True

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9
Q

T/F

Tricyclics exhibit a wide variety of direct and indirect anti inflammatory properties that are unrelated to their anti biotic activity

A

True

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10
Q

T/F

Clarithromycin Is 2-4 x more potent than erythromycin against G+ organisms

A

True

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11
Q

T/F

Azithromycin is 2-4 x less activity against G+ organisms than ery

A

True &

Efficacy of Azithromycin is also enhanced by its ability to achieve High levels is several tissues

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12
Q

Tetracyclines are associated with pseudotumor cerebri

A

t

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13
Q

Amoxicillin is better absorbed and associated with less diarrhoea than ampicillin.

A

T

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14
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions 1-3% of treated individuals on cephalosporins

A

T

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15
Q

High degree of cross reactivity between carbapanems and penicillins

A

T

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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

A

T

DNA gyrase = topoisomerase II

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17
Q

Ciprofloxacin is active against bacillus anthrax and mycobacterium

A

T

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18
Q

Tetracyclines are hydrophilic

A

F

Lipophilic

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19
Q

Doxy most photo toxic of tetracyclines

A

T

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20
Q

Rifamycin MoA

A

Bactericidal ( also static )

Bind B-subunit of bacterial DNA polymerase preventing RNA Tx

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21
Q

TMP SMX has goodanaerobic cover

22
Q

Clindamycin is associated with C.diff in >10%

23
Q

Penicillins contain sulfur

24
Q

Ciprofloxacin is good for anaerobes

A

False

Good for G-, variable for G+

25
Q

Rifampin has ineffective grAm neg cover

26
Q

Bactrim is good for anaerobic cover

A

F

Gram pos eg staph aureus

27
Q

First gen penicillins coverage

A

Isoxazolyl penicillins

Eg diclox and fluclox cover most strains of MRSA and other gram positive cocci

28
Q

Second gen penicillin coverage

A

Amino penicillins
Amoxy and amp
Gram positive cocci
inhibition of gram negative bacilli

29
Q

Third generation penicillins

Fourth gen

A

3rd Carboxypenicillins eg. Carbenicillin

4th ureidopenicillins eg. Piperacillin

Both have Anti pseudomonal activity
But P>C

30
Q

Carpenems and penicillins have cross reactivity

31
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin coverage (true cephalosporins)

A 
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhallis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitidis
Some enterobacteriacea

(HiMENN)

32
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins - cephamycin coverage

A

Inferior activity for Staph and Strep

33
Q

3rd gen ceph ceftazidime has greatest anti pseudomonal activity

34
Q

Ceftazidime is active against S. Aureus

A

F

Inactive

35
Q

4th gen ceph

A

Cefepime
Activity against MSSA & non enterococcal streptococci
And gram neg such as pseudomonas

Ineffective against bacteroides fragilis

36
Q

Acute paronychia has been described following treatment with cephalexin

37
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions occur in 1-3% patients on cephalosporins

38
Q

Nephrotoxicity occurs commonly with cephalosporins and dose adjustment is necessary

A

F
Rare
Dose adjustment still requird

39
Q

Cephalosporins drug interactions

40
Q

B-lactamase inhibitors have not been found to provide effective inhibition of B lactamases produced by pseudomonas , enterobacter and citrobacter

41
Q

Ticarcillin and piperacillin can decrease bleeding times

42
Q

Bioavailability of augmentin Df is decreased by food

A

F

Unaffected

43
Q

Aztreonam is limited to aerobic gram negatives

44
Q

Dose related hearing loss in pt with renal failure on Vanc

45
Q

Erythromycin causes irreversible hearing loss In high doses

A

False

Reversible

46
Q

Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are effective against Staph aureus and S. Pyogenes

47
Q

Moxifloxacin is not excreted renally unlike most fluoroquinolones

48
Q

Cipro is the treatment of choice for anthrax cutaneous

49
Q

Caution when prescribing doxy for pt with severe liver failure as metabolized by liver

50
Q

Only stearate erythromycin must be taken without food

EES no difference

Pharmacology (63 decks)

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