ANALGESICS UNIT 2 Flashcards
What is an Analgesic?
A pain medication
Is a Nonopiod analgesic more Potent than an Option Analgesic?
A. YES
B. NO
B. NO
Less potent than opioid analgesics
What are Non Opioid Analgesics used to relieve?
A. Pain from 0-1 only
B. No pain
C. Mild to Moderate Pain
D. Severe Pain
C. Mild to Moderate Pain
Mild to moderate pain
Effective for dull, throbbing pain of:
Headaches, dysmenorrhea, minor abrasions
Inflammation, muscular aches, pain
Mild to moderate arthritis
Action site
Peripheral nervous system at pain receptor
sites
Is Acetominophen an NSAID?
A. Yes
B. No
B. No
Acetominophen has antipyretic elements and treats pain. MILD TO MODERATE
What is the MAXIMUM DOSE that patient can take when taking Acetaminophen?
A. 4000mg
B. 3g
C. 800g
D. 700mg
A. 4000mg =4g
Maximum dose
4 g/day
If taken frequently 2 g/day
What is an Alert for taking Acetaminophen?
A. Can be toxic to the kidneys with minimal dosing
B. Can be toxic to the heart
C. Can be toxic to the liver if it has excess dosing ( hepatotoxicity)
D. Is not toxic to any organs if excess dosing occurs
C. Can be toxic to the liver if it has excess dosing ( hepatotoxicity)
What are key thing to assess for in your patient when considering administering Acetaminophen?
Assessment
Pain assessment
Obtain a medical history of liver
dysfunction, alcohol use
Other medications – some could contain
acetaminophen
Vital signs
Would you give a patient with history of liver failure or alcohol abuse Acetaminophen?
Assessment
A. No
B. Yes
A. No
Nursing Interventions for Acetominophen
Nursing interventions
Check liver enzyme tests for abnormalities.
Teach patient to keep acetaminophen out of
children’s reach.
Teach patient to avoid alcohol ingestion while
taking acetaminophen.
Teach the maximum safe dose per day (4 grams)
Seek medical attention if no relief in 10 days
Check other medications for inclusion of
acetaminophen
How do you know the effects of Acetaminophen was successful?
When the fever has gone down
when pain relief has been activated
Is Morphine a non opioid analgesic or an opioid analgesic?
Opioid Analgesics
What is Morphine used to treat ?
A. Moderate to Severe Pain, cough , and diarrhea
B. Mild to Moderate
C. Pain from a level to 0-5
D. No pain
A. Moderate to Severe Pain, cough , and diarrhea
Use
Moderate and severe pain
Antitussive & antidiarrheal effects
Action
Act on CNS to Suppress pain impulses
Also Suppresses respirations and
coughing by acting on respiratory and
cough centers in the medulla
What are Side Effects of Morphine?
Side effects
Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness
Confusion, depression, miosis (pupil
constriction)
GI distress, constipation
Urinary retention
What are Adverse Effects of Morphine?
Adverse reactions
Hypotension, bradycardia
Psychological dependence
Respiratory depression
Which of the following drug would be reverse the respiratory depression in a patient who has just received Morphine IV?
A. Naloxone
B. Acetominophen
C. Lorazepam
D. Methylphenidate
A. Naloxone
Antidote
Naloxone
What are some instances would not use Morphine for a patient?
Contraindications
Allergy
CNS or respiratory depression, sleep apnea
Increased intracranial pressure
Head injury
DO NOT USE MORPHINE
Other CNS depressants
ASSESSMENT FOR PT ON MORPHINE
Assessment
Vital signs
Pain assessment
Obtain drug history and check for drug
allergies.
Assess medical history
What class is Sumatriptan?
Anti-migraine
What is Sumatriptan used for?
It is used for migraine headaches and cluster headaches
Characteristics of
Characteristics
Unilateral throbbing pain
Nausea, vomiting
Light sensitivity
What is the action of Sumatriptan and use
increases vasoconstriction of cranial arteries
BRINGS UP BLOOD PRESSURE IN BRAIN AND BODY
USE
Acute treatment of migraine and cluster headaches
Contraindication of Sumatriptan
Contraindication
Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, cerebral vascular
accident (stroke)
Caution
Smoking, obesity, older adults, seizures
nteractions
Anti-depressant medications (both increase serotonin)
Side effects of Sumatriptan
Dizziness, drowsiness, flushing, fatigue
GI Distress
Adverse Effects of Sumatriptan
Bradycardia
Thromboembolism (clot)
Elevated liver enzymes
Suicidal ideation
Should you take Sumatriptan as soon as you get a migraine or cluster headache?
A. Yes
B. No
A. Yes
Take as soon as symptoms appear
Teaching Intervention for Sumatriptan
Take as soon as symptoms appear
Can be taken other than oral route if nausea/vomiting
(N/V) present – also available in subcutaneous
injection and intranasally
May have antiemetic ordered for N/V associated with
migraines
Safety – get up slowly (dizziness drowsiness, blurred
vision possible side effects)
Therapeutic response – Decreased pain
The next day, the patient’s pain medication is changed from morphine sulfate to hydromorphone. Which statement regarding hydromorphone does the nurse identify as being true?
A. Hydromorphone must be administered intravenously.
B. Hypertension is a common side effect.
C. Physical dependence does not occur with
hydromorphone therapy.
D. Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine.
D. Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine.
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is a semisynthetic opioid
similar to morphine. The analgesic effect is
approximately six times more potent than morphine.
The nurse assesses a patient receiving
morphine via a PCA pump. The patient
has a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min.
The nurse anticipates administration of
which of the following drugs?
A. Naloxone
B. Sumatriptan
C. Nalbuphine
D. Hydromorphone
A. Naloxone
Naloxone is an opiate antagonist and an antidote for opioid analgesic overdoses. Sumatriptan (Imitrex) is used for the treatment of migraine headaches; nalbuphine HCl
(Nubain) and hydromorphone are opiates.
The nurse identifies which of the
following as a common side effect of
morphine therapy?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypertension
C. Urinary retention
D. Tachypnea
C. Urinary retention
Urinary retention, constipation, hypotension, and
bradypnea are common side effects of morphine.
Diarrhea, hypertension, and tachypnea are not
common side effects.
A patient received morphine sulfate for
severe pain. The nurse assesses the
patient 20 minutes later. What is the best
indication that the medication has been
effective?
A. Patient verbalizes pain relief.
B. Patient has an increase in heart rate.
C. Patient is resting.
D. Patient has an increase in blood pressure.
A. Patient verbalizes pain relief.
ANS: A
The best source for evaluation of pain is the patient.
