8.2.1 Infectious Brain Disorders Flashcards
Describe the importance of chromosome 20 in prion disease.
What is this an image of?
Rabies
What are the characteristis of Cryptococcus infection?
What is the pathogenesis of CJD?
Prion protein is normally expressed as PrPc. Disease arises when there is conversion to the beta-pleated sheet conformation (PrPsc) of the prion protein. This pathologic protein is not degradable, and converts normal protein into the pathologic form.
What are the characteristics of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis?
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the leptomeninges and CSF within the subarachnoid space
What is a tachyzoite?
Method of transmission of T. gondii
What are the characteristics of Rabies (Rhabdovirus)?
Objective: What are the causative organisms of acute pyogenic meningitis for the following age groups:
Neonates
Adolescents
Older adults
Neonates: E. coli, Group B strep, Listeria monocytogenes
Adolescents: N. meningitidis
Older Adults: Strep pneumo, L. monocytogenes
What are the clinical and CSF findings associated with meningitis?
Neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity), headache and fever
CSF: Cloudy, neutrophils, increased pressure, increased protein and decreased glucose (depending on if it is a bacteria or fungal)
What are the characteristics of HSV encephalitis?
What are these images of?
Cryptococcus infection
What are the characteristics of toxoplasmosis?
T. gondii: protozoan
Necrotic abscesses - Ring enhanced lesions
Host by cat
Patients most at risk - AIDS
What are the characteristic, incidence, EEG and CSF findings in CJD?
Characteristic: Protease-resistant prion protein
Incidence: 1/millon
EEG: Periodic Sharp Waves
CSF: Elevated 14-3-3 protein
What are the characteristics of poliomyelitis?
How would you makes a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis?
What is this an image of?
CJD
What is the triad of histological findings associated with CJD?
Spongiform change
Neuronal Loss
Gliosis
What are the characteristics of HIV Encephalitis?
Multinucleated Giant Cells
HIV p24+
What are these images of?
HIV Encephalitis
What ways can CJD be transmitted?
Neurosugical instruments
Dural Graft
Corneal Transplant
Objective: What is this and can you describe the organization of it?
Brain abscess
Center: Necrosis and neutrophils
Rim: Granulation tissue and fibrous capsule
Surrounding tissue: Edema and gliosis
What is this an image of and what is being covered?
Florid plaques on vCJD
Objective: What are the common bugs associated with brain abscess?
Staphylococci and Streptococci
What are these images of?
Toxoplasmosis
Top - Necrotizing abscess
Bottom - Cyst formation
What are the characteristics of fungal infections?
What is this an image of?
Polio Virus
Anterior Horn Cells in Spinal Cord
