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Brain and Behavior > 2.2.2 Structures of Mastication > Flashcards

2.2.2 Structures of Mastication Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the covered parts?

A
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the ventral surface of the tongue?

A
  • Ventral surface of tongue is smooth and is attached to floor of mouth by lingual frenulum
  • Deep lingual vein courses on either side of the frenulum
  • Sublingual caruncles at the base of frenulum provide drainage for the submandibular duct
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3
Q

What are the two types of movement accomplished by the TMJ?

A
  • Hinge: between the mandibular condyle and inferior surface of articular disc
  • Gliding: between the superior portion of the disc and the temporal bone
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Allow change in shape and length of tongue
  • Do NOT attach to bone
  • All innervated by CN XII
  • Consist of:
  • -Superior & Inferior Longitudinal Bundles
  • -Transverse Bundles
  • -Vertical Bundles
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5
Q

What are the two compartments of the oral cavity?

A

1) Vestibule– between teeth and cheeks
2) Oral Cavity Proper – internal to teeth

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6
Q

What structures receive blood from either the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd branch of the maxillary artery?

A

1st part - Deep Auricular A to ear; Middle Meningeal A to cranial bones; Inf Alveolar A to mandibular teeth

2nd - Muscles of face

3rd - Maxillary teeth; infraorbital artery to face; nose; descending palatine artery to palate

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the buccinator muscle?

A
  • NOT a muscle of mastication, but rather of facial expression
  • Between maxiallar and mandible
  • Receives innervation from CNVII
  • Keeps food between the occlusal surface of the teeth during chewing
  • Pierced by parotid duct as it enters vestibule of oral cavity
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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Temporalis?

A

Origin - floor of the temporal fossa and the deep surface of the temporal fossa

Insertion - Attaches to the tip of the coronoid process

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9
Q

What are the contents of the oral cavity proper?

A
  • Contents of Oral Cavity Proper
  • Hard palate
  • Soft palate
  • Phalatoglossal arch
  • Tongue
  • Uvula: separates oral cavity from oral pharynx
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10
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

restricted tongue movement due to short lingual frenulum

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a dislocated jaw?

A
  • Occurs when there is excess contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscle
  • Typically, head of mandible slides too far anteriorly over the articular tubercle
  • Corrected by applying downward pressure with fingers in the vestibule of oral cavity
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12
Q

What is the importance of the sphenomandibular lig?

A

holds mandible to the cranium

spine of sphenoid to lingula, above mandibular foramen

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13
Q

What is the vallecula?

A

Space between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
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15
Q

Describe the difference between the anterior and posterior dorsum of the tongue.

A
  • Anterior dorsum has papillae for taste sensation
  • Posterior dorsum has no papillae but lymphoid tissue known as lingual tonsil
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16
Q

What is the blood supply of the tongue?

A

external carotid → lingual a → deep lingual, sublingual

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17
Q

What is the function of the Pterygoid plexus?

A

venous drainage to the fossa

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18
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior divisions of the dorsal tongue?

A

-Dorsum is divided into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by the sulcus terminalis

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19
Q

What are the 3 valves to keep food and air separate?

A
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20
Q

What are the 4 parts of the mandible?

A

1) Condylar Process: head articulates with temporal fossa
2) Mandibular Notch: where masseteric nerve & vessels enter masseter M
3) Coronoid Process: masseter & temporal m attachment
4) Angle of Mandible: where ramus meets body; insertion for medial pterygoid m

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21
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa?

A

Irregular space located deep to zygomatic arch and posterior to maxillary bone

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22
Q

What is responsible for the motor nerve supply to the tongue?

A
  • Motor: CN XII innervates all muscles
  • Except palatoglossus (CNX)
23
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
24
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Genioglossus: protrudes the tongue
  • Hypoglossus: retract and depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus: retracts and elevates tongue
  • Palatoglossus: elevate posterior tongue and provides structure for palatoglossal arch
25
Q

What is the point at which the mandible articulates with the cranium?

A

Temporomandibular joint ( TMJ)

26
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

-Masseter: powerful elevator of jaw, used for clenching/crushing on molars

27
Q

What is the tongue anchored to?

A

-Muscular organ with freely mobile body and base anchored to hyoid bone

28
Q

What are two important structures within the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
  • Maxillary artery
29
Q

The medial neck of the mandible serves as?

A

-lateral pterygoid insertion

30
Q

What are the characteristics of a broken jaw?

A
  • May occur in several places
  • 42% at mandibular angle/body
  • 35% at condylar process
  • Typically secured with arch bars attached to neck of teeth
  • Head of mandible generally receives sufficient blood, even if broken at neck
31
Q

What are the characteristics of mandibular tori?

A
  • Bony protrusions from the medial wall of the mandible toward the oral cavity
  • Most common in males and Asians, affecting 7-10% of the population
32
Q

What makes up the TMJ?

A

-Synovial joint whose elements include: mandible, temporal bone, and articular disc

33
Q

What are some other important aspects of the uvula - pathologies.

A
34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?

A
  • Origin: Zygomatic arch
  • Insertion: Lateral angle of mandible
35
Q

What carries out the general sensory innervation of the tongue?

A
  • Ant 2/3: lingual nerve from CNV3 (from trigeminal nerve)
  • Post 1/3: CN IX
36
Q

What are the characteristics of a Uvular deviation?

A
37
Q

What is the innervation of the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

38
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid? Lateral?

A

Medial - Origin - Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion - Medial surface of the mandible

Lateral - Origin - Infratemporal crest for superior head, lateral pterygoid plate for inferior head

Insertion - Neck of the mandible

39
Q

What are the most common locations of a mandibular fraction?

A
40
Q

What are the characteristics of the Articular Disc that sits in the TMJ?

A
  • Compact, dense, fibrocartilaginous plate
  • Between the condylar process of the mandible and the articular surface of the temporal
  • Peripherally, fuses with the surrounding joint capsule
41
Q

Why shouldn’t infants feed on their backs?

A
42
Q

What is sleep apnea and what can be some causes of it?

A

may be due to enlarged tonsils, dropped tongue or enlarged soft palate → blocking normal airflow

43
Q

What happens to the auditory tube when swallowing?

A
44
Q

What is the importance of the mandibular foramen?

A

-tunnel for inf alveolar nerve

45
Q

What is circular breathing?

A
46
Q

What is Gleeking?

A

sudden release of saliva from the submandibular ducts as the mylohyoid muscle contracts part of the gland against intrinsic muscles of the tongue

47
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

valve to prevent food/fluid from entering nasal cavity

48
Q

Describe the contents of the vestibule.

A
  • Parotid duct
  • Labial frenula: mucosa keeping lips attached to gingiva
  • Mucogingival Junction: scalloped line separating the alveolar from gingival mucosa
  • -Alveolar Mucosa: loose gingiva covering alveolar processes of maxilla
  • -Gingival Mucosa: attached keratinzied stratified epithelium
49
Q

What are the characteristics of the mandible?

A

single bone forming lower jaw; horizontal U-shaped body with two vertical rami– is joined from two sites of intramembranous ossification.

50
Q

What is responsible for the taste nerve supply to the tongue?

A
  • Ant 2/3: CN VII via the chorda tympani
  • Post 1/3: CN IX
51
Q

What are the characteristics of an Inferior alveolar Nerve Block?

A

anesthetize teeth, near opening of mandibular foramen (feel for lingula)

52
Q

What is the innervation of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • CN XII: Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
  • CN X: Palatoglossus
53
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

-Temporalis: elevation and retraction of the jaw

54
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral pterygoids?

A
  • Medial Pterygoid: elevate jaw, assists with grinding motion
  • Lateral Pterygoid: has superior and inferior heads; opens and protrudes jaw

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