1.1.2 CNS Functional Divisions

Question 1

What are long tracts?

Answer 1

connections between sections, peripheral location (spinal cord), ventral (medulla/midbrain)

Question 2

What is a deep tendon reflex?

Answer 2

monosynaptic, muscle stretch (afferent) → contraction (efferent)

Question 3

What is the organization of memory and emotion in the brain?

Answer 3

Memory and emotion – Papez memory circuits

Question 4

What are the suprasegemental functions?

Answer 4

connections to and from higher brain centers, commonly the cerebrum

Question 5

What is the swallow reflex?

Answer 5

medulla function, interneurons connect afferent and efferents (reticular formation)

Stimulation posterior Oropharynx

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 6

Describe the midbrain and the cranial nerves it uses?

Answer 6

Green are motor

Blue are sensory

Question 7

The sense of smell is located in which section of the brain?

Answer 7

Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 8

What are the motor suprasegemental systems?

Answer 8

efferent from brain, corticospinal (voluntary motion), oculomotor (contract opposite mm in each eye)

Question 9

What is the corneal reflex?

Answer 9

closing of both eyes when cornea is touched (pons)

Afferent - CN V (corneal sensation)

Efferent - CN VII (Eye closure)

Question 10

What is the organization of the medulla and what cranial nerves does it use?

Answer 10

Green are motor

Blue are sensory

Question 11

Describe the organization of the Pons and what cranial nerves it utilizes.

Answer 11

Question 12

Hearing is interpreted in the?

Answer 12

inferior colliculus

Question 14

Describe the organization of higher brain function.

Answer 14

Cognition: information processing

Executive – rostral, plans and motion

Perceptual - caudal, sensory processing

Symbolic – language processing, left brain is usually dominant

Pattern – visual and spatial, right brain

Question 15

Humans are considered to be what type of brained?

Answer 15

Smell brained

Question 16

What is the importance of the peripheral white matter on the spinal cord?

Answer 16

These are for intersegmental communications

Question 17

What are the sensory suprasegemental systems?

Answer 17

afferents, somatosensory, special senses

Question 18

Vision is interpreted in the?

Answer 18

Superior Colliculus, midbrain

Question 19

Balance is interpreted in?

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Describe the organization of the central grey spinal cord pertaining to motor and sensory distribution. Moreso what are the covered parts?

Answer 20

Sensory - Dorsal

Motor - Ventral

Question 21

What is a pupillary light reflex?

Answer 21

contraction with bright light - mediated by the midbrain

Question 22

What are considered to be the “higher centers” of the brain?

Answer 22

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Question 23

Describe the process of spinal cord reflexes - withdrawl from pain?

Answer 23

withdrawal from pain, pain sensed (afferent) → motor contraction (efferent)

Inhibition – by higher centers

Babinski sign