2.3.1 Neck and Larynx Flashcards
What is a pyramidal lobe?
If present, it is a remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct
What is the importance of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?
What is important of the submental and submandibular lymph nodes?
What are the covered parts?
What is the difference between the innervation of the larynx in the supraglottic and infraglottic cavity?
Supraglottic cavity - internal laryngeal nerve
Infraglottic cavity - recurrent laryngeal nerve
The intrinsic muscles of the larynx lie under control of the?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)
The subclavian artery and brachial plexus are posterior to the?
Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
What provides blood to the thyroid gland?
Superior thyroid arteries (20%)
Inferior thyroid arteries (80%)
Describe what can occur during vocal cord paralysis.
What is the covered part and why is it important?
Erb’s point = Nerve point in neck
Important for anesthesiologist to administer a block of the 4 cervical cutaneous nerves
What are the characteristics of laryngeal cancer?
Contraction of the thyrohyoid will do what?
Cause laxity of the hypoepiglottic membrane allowing the epiglottis to close over the laryngeal inlet during swallowing
What are the covered parts?
Describe the clinical implications of the innervation of the vocal cords?
What are the covered parts?
What is the ansa cervicalis?
What are the characteristics of the carotid sinus massage?
What is the 1 medial branch of the external carotid?
ascending pharyngeal- branch goes off medially to serve the pharynx & part of nose.
The oblique line of the thyroid cartilage is the site of attachment for what three muscles?
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Inferior constrictor
What are some possible locations for an emergency airway?
What are the covered parts?
What are the characteristics of laryngitis?
What are the KLM sounds?
What are the covered parts?
What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid?
superior thyroid artery - supplies the thyroid gland.
lingual artery - runs to the tongue.
facial artery - crosses the mandible and can be palpated.
What is occurring in this image and what nerve?
Bilateral contraction of the platysma muscles
CN VII, cervical branch
There are two zones of the posterior triangle of the neck. Why is one referred to as the danger zone?
Accessory spinal nerve
Brachial plexus
Phrenic nerve - anterior to anterior scalene nerve
Subclavian artery and veins
What are hiccups?
What connects the external and internal jugular vein?
Communicating vein between the internal and external jugular vein
What is covered in this image and why is it important?
Thyroid Ima artery
Clinical importance - This is one of the reasons that emergency tracheotomies are not done more frequently below the isthmus of the thyroid gland
What are the 3 basic functions of the larynx?
What is the retropharyngeal space?
Potential space of loose connective tissue between the prevertebral fascia and pretrachial fascia. This space continues down into the mediastinum and may spread infections.
What is the importance of the arytenoid cartilage?
These are paired
Both slide and pivot
Serve as the attachement site for the vocal cords
What are the covered parts?
What is the importance of the heimlich maneuver?
What is the importance of the valve of the internal jugular vein? What can happen during CHF?
It prevents blood from returning to the internal jugular vein.
In states of CHF, blood will back up into the internal jugular because this valve has failed
What are the covered parts?
What are the characteristics of Torticollis?
What are the covered parts?
What is the role of the accessory spinal nerve?
Innervates both the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles.
What is the role of the crycothyroid muscle?
Increases tension on the true vocal cords
Contract to sing high notes
What are the characteristics of central lines?
What is the difference between a tracheostomy, tracheotomy, and a cricothyroidotomy.
What are the characteristics of epiglottitis?
What are the covered parts?
The phrenic nerve, vagus, sympathetic chain, and subclavian vein all run anterior to?
All run anterior to the anterior scalene muscle
What is the recommended treatment of a thyroglossal cyst?
Surgical removal after a course of antibiotics
What are the covered parts?
What is the role of the transerse arytenoid muscle and the oblique arytenoid muscle?
What is the carotid sheath and what is the importance of it?
This surrounds the common carotid, vagus n., and internal jugular vein.
The importance of this lies in the arrangement of the within the sheath. The common carotid is medial, the vagus is posterior, and the internal is lateral.
What are the covered parts?
What are the covered parts?
What are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid?
occipital artery - pierces through the investing fascia from the sternocleidomastoid to the trapezius and eventually ends up behind the ear and in the occipital region.
posterior auricular – passes behind and around the ear.
What can happen in regards to location of the thyroid?
