2.3.1 Neck and Larynx

Question 1

What is a pyramidal lobe?

Answer 1

If present, it is a remnant of the embryonic thyroglossal duct

Question 2

What is the importance of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is important of the submental and submandibular lymph nodes?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the covered parts?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the difference between the innervation of the larynx in the supraglottic and infraglottic cavity?

Answer 5

Supraglottic cavity - internal laryngeal nerve

Infraglottic cavity - recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 6

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx lie under control of the?

Answer 6

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Question 7

The subclavian artery and brachial plexus are posterior to the?

Answer 7

Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

Question 8

What provides blood to the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

Superior thyroid arteries (20%)

Inferior thyroid arteries (80%)

Question 9

Describe what can occur during vocal cord paralysis.

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the covered part and why is it important?

Answer 10

Erb’s point = Nerve point in neck

Important for anesthesiologist to administer a block of the 4 cervical cutaneous nerves

Question 11

What are the characteristics of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 11

Question 12

Contraction of the thyrohyoid will do what?

Answer 12

Cause laxity of the hypoepiglottic membrane allowing the epiglottis to close over the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

Question 13

What are the covered parts?

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the clinical implications of the innervation of the vocal cords?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the covered parts?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the characteristics of the carotid sinus massage?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the 1 medial branch of the external carotid?

Answer 18

ascending pharyngeal- branch goes off medially to serve the pharynx & part of nose.

Question 19

The oblique line of the thyroid cartilage is the site of attachment for what three muscles?

Answer 19

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Inferior constrictor

Question 20

What are some possible locations for an emergency airway?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the covered parts?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are the characteristics of laryngitis?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the KLM sounds?

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the covered parts?

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid?

Answer 25

superior thyroid artery - supplies the thyroid gland. lingual artery - runs to the tongue. facial artery - crosses the mandible and can be palpated.

Question 26

What is occurring in this image and what nerve?

Answer 26

Bilateral contraction of the platysma muscles CN VII, cervical branch

Question 27

There are two zones of the posterior triangle of the neck. Why is one referred to as the danger zone?

Answer 27

**Accessory spinal nerve** Brachial plexus Phrenic nerve - anterior to anterior scalene nerve Subclavian artery and veins

Question 28

What are hiccups?

Answer 28

Question 29

What connects the external and internal jugular vein?

Answer 29

Communicating vein between the internal and external jugular vein

Question 30

What is covered in this image and why is it important?

Answer 30

Thyroid Ima artery Clinical importance - This is one of the reasons that emergency tracheotomies are not done more frequently below the isthmus of the thyroid gland

Question 31

What are the 3 basic functions of the larynx?

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 32

Potential space of loose connective tissue between the prevertebral fascia and pretrachial fascia. This space continues down into the **mediastinum and may spread infections.**

Question 33

What is the importance of the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 33

These are paired Both slide and pivot Serve as the attachement site for the vocal cords

Question 34

What are the covered parts?

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the importance of the heimlich maneuver?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is the importance of the valve of the internal jugular vein? What can happen during CHF?

Answer 36

It prevents blood from returning to the internal jugular vein. In states of CHF, blood will back up into the internal jugular because this valve has failed

Question 37

What are the covered parts?

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the characteristics of Torticollis?

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the covered parts?

Answer 39

Question 40

What is the role of the accessory spinal nerve?

Answer 40

Innervates both the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles.

Question 41

What is the role of the crycothyroid muscle?

Answer 41

Increases tension on the true vocal cords Contract to sing high notes

Question 42

What are the characteristics of central lines?

Answer 42

Question 43

What is the difference between a tracheostomy, tracheotomy, and a cricothyroidotomy.

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the characteristics of epiglottitis?

Answer 44

Question 45

What are the covered parts?

Answer 45

Question 46

The phrenic nerve, vagus, sympathetic chain, and subclavian vein all run anterior to?

Answer 46

All run anterior to the anterior scalene muscle

Question 47

What is the recommended treatment of a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 47

Surgical removal after a course of antibiotics

Question 48

What are the covered parts?

Answer 48

Question 49

What is the role of the transerse arytenoid muscle and the oblique arytenoid muscle?

Answer 49

Question 50

What is the carotid sheath and what is the importance of it?

Answer 50

This surrounds the common carotid, vagus n., and internal jugular vein. The importance of this lies in the arrangement of the within the sheath. The **common carotid is medial, the vagus is posterior, and the internal is lateral.**

Question 51

What are the covered parts?

Answer 51

Question 52

What are the covered parts?

Answer 52

Question 53

What are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid?

Answer 53

occipital artery - pierces through the investing fascia from the sternocleidomastoid to the trapezius and eventually ends up behind the ear and in the occipital region. posterior auricular – passes behind and around the ear.

Question 54

What can happen in regards to location of the thyroid?

Answer 54