1.3.3 Face and Scalp Flashcards
What is the functiono of these muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis –
Procerus –
Corrugator supercilii -
Levator labii nasi –
Nasalis –
lie within subcutaneous fat, all expression mm innervated by facial nerve
Frontalis – forehead for raising eyebrows and wrinkling forehead
Procerus – wrinkling the nose
Corrugator supercilii - The corrugator draws the eyebrow downward and medially, producing the vertical wrinkles of the forehead.
Levator labii nasi – lift the upper lip
Nasalis – contracts to dilate the naris
What is the function of the Orbicularis oculi?
Eyes
Orbicularis oculi – sphincter m around the eye to close (palpebral) and compress (orbital) the eyelids
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
What nerves are responsible for innervating the posterior head and neck?
Spinal nerves from the cervical plexus
What innervates all of the muscles of facial expression?
CN VII (facial n.)
Epicranial aponeurosis is continuous with what two muscles?
Occipitalis m and frontalis m. (both parts of the occipitofrontalis m.)
What is the function of the:
Mouth
Orbicularis oris –
Zygomaticus –
Risorius –
Mentalis –
Depressor labii oris –
Mouth
Orbicularis oris – sphincter m that closes the mouth
Zygomaticus – major and minor pull corners of mouth to smile
Risorius – closed mouth smile, pulls directly lateral
Mentalis – pulls directly down
Depressor labii oris – pouting lip (protruded)
What condition might this man have? What causes it?
Acromegaly; increased growth hormone
What muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows?
Frontalis (frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis)
What is the function of the:
Cheek
Buccinator –
Masseter –
Cheek
Buccinator – deep to buccal fat pad, lateral wall of the mouth to keep food on the molars, play trumpet or blow up balloon
Masseter – muscle of mastication
What is the name of the condition in which one or both eyelids cannot maintain normal elevation? Damage to what nerve can cause this?
Ptosis; CN III
What muscle is important for keeping food in position over the molars?
Buccinator m.
Why is this called the danger zone?
What muscle is responsible for compressing the eyelids (squinting)?
orbital part of the orbicularis oculi
What muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?
Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi
Where does the occipitalis originate from?
The superior nuchal line
What provides sensory innervation to the face?
The 3 branches (opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Identify these two muscle bodies and its connective tissue
What are the five layers of the scalp?
Skin
Connective Tissue - highly vascular w/ BVs connected to apo below
Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis)
Loose Connective Tissue
Periosteum/pericranium
Fill in the covered words
Medial; lateral canthus
Lateral; lateral canthus
What type of sensory innervation does the trigeminal nerve provide to the tongue?
Hot, cold, pain
What veins might allow for an infection in a vein of the scalp to enter intracranially?
Emissary veins
Name condition and affected side
Bell’s palsy; Right Side
What layers are removed during a scalping? What might be problematic?
Skin, connective tissue and aponeurosis
Uncontrolled bleeding; If bleeding is controlled usually reattachment is an option
What two major arteries supply the arteries of the face?
The internal and external carotid
Name this condition? What virus can commonly be isolated in affected patients?
Bell’s palsy; HSV can be isolated 80% of time
What are the two buccal nerves?
1 buccal nerve is motor that comes from the facial (CN VII)
1 buccal nerve is sensory that comes from the trigeminal (CN V)
What condition? What causes this condition?
Cushing’s syndrome; increased adrenal hormone
Which two veins can drain into the cavernous sinus or the facial vein?
supraorbital v. and supratrochlear v.
What is the ‘skeleton’ of the head referred to as? What are its two parts?
Cranium
Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
Identify these terminal branches of CN VII
What muscle is responsible for opening the eyelid? What is its innervation?
Levator palpebrae superioris; since it’s not a muscle of facial expression, its innervation is CN III
What is the mnemonic to remember the terminal branches of CN VII?
To Zanzibar By Motor Car (superior to inferior)
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, Cervical
TWO ZEBRAS BIT MY COCK
