1.3.3 Face and Scalp

Question 1

What is the functiono of these muscles of facial expression?

Frontalis –

Procerus –

Corrugator supercilii -

Levator labii nasi –

Nasalis –

Answer 1

lie within subcutaneous fat, all expression mm innervated by facial nerve

Frontalis – forehead for raising eyebrows and wrinkling forehead

Procerus – wrinkling the nose

Corrugator supercilii - The corrugator draws the eyebrow downward and medially, producing the vertical wrinkles of the forehead.

Levator labii nasi – lift the upper lip

Nasalis – contracts to dilate the naris

Question 2

What is the function of the Orbicularis oculi?

Answer 2

Eyes

Orbicularis oculi – sphincter m around the eye to close (palpebral) and compress (orbital) the eyelids

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Opthalmic

Maxillary

Mandibular

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

What nerves are responsible for innervating the posterior head and neck?

Answer 6

Spinal nerves from the cervical plexus

Question 7

What innervates all of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 7

CN VII (facial n.)

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Epicranial aponeurosis is continuous with what two muscles?

Answer 9

Occipitalis m and frontalis m. (both parts of the occipitofrontalis m.)

Question 10

What is the function of the:

Mouth

Orbicularis oris –

Zygomaticus –

Risorius –

Mentalis –

Depressor labii oris –

Answer 10

Mouth

Orbicularis oris – sphincter m that closes the mouth

Zygomaticus – major and minor pull corners of mouth to smile

Risorius – closed mouth smile, pulls directly lateral

Mentalis – pulls directly down

Depressor labii oris – pouting lip (protruded)

Question 11

What condition might this man have? What causes it?

Answer 11

Acromegaly; increased growth hormone

Question 12

What muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows?

Answer 12

Frontalis (frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis)

Question 13

What is the function of the:

Cheek

Buccinator –

Masseter –

Answer 13

Cheek

Buccinator – deep to buccal fat pad, lateral wall of the mouth to keep food on the molars, play trumpet or blow up balloon

Masseter – muscle of mastication

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the name of the condition in which one or both eyelids cannot maintain normal elevation? Damage to what nerve can cause this?

Answer 15

Ptosis; CN III

Question 16

What muscle is important for keeping food in position over the molars?

Answer 16

Buccinator m.

Question 17

Why is this called the danger zone?

Answer 17

Question 18

What muscle is responsible for compressing the eyelids (squinting)?

Answer 18

orbital part of the orbicularis oculi

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?

Answer 20

Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi

Question 21

Where does the occipitalis originate from?

Answer 21

The superior nuchal line

Question 22

What provides sensory innervation to the face?

Answer 22

The 3 branches (opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 23

Identify these two muscle bodies and its connective tissue

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the five layers of the scalp?

Answer 24

Skin

Connective Tissue - highly vascular w/ BVs connected to apo below

Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis)

Loose Connective Tissue

Periosteum/pericranium

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Fill in the covered words

Answer 26

Medial; lateral canthus

Lateral; lateral canthus

Question 27

What type of sensory innervation does the trigeminal nerve provide to the tongue?

Answer 27

Hot, cold, pain

Question 28

What veins might allow for an infection in a vein of the scalp to enter intracranially?

Answer 28

Emissary veins

Question 29

Name condition and affected side

Answer 29

Bell’s palsy; Right Side

Question 30

What layers are removed during a scalping? What might be problematic?

Answer 30

Skin, connective tissue and aponeurosis

Uncontrolled bleeding; If bleeding is controlled usually reattachment is an option

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

What two major arteries supply the arteries of the face?

Answer 32

The internal and external carotid

Question 33

Name this condition? What virus can commonly be isolated in affected patients?

Answer 33

Bell’s palsy; HSV can be isolated 80% of time

Question 34

What are the two buccal nerves?

Answer 34

1 buccal nerve is motor that comes from the facial (CN VII)

1 buccal nerve is sensory that comes from the trigeminal (CN V)

Question 35

What condition? What causes this condition?

Answer 35

Cushing’s syndrome; increased adrenal hormone

Question 36

Which two veins can drain into the cavernous sinus or the facial vein?

Answer 36

supraorbital v. and supratrochlear v.

Question 37

What is the ‘skeleton’ of the head referred to as? What are its two parts?

Answer 37

Cranium

Neurocranium and Viscerocranium

Question 38

Identify these terminal branches of CN VII

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

What muscle is responsible for opening the eyelid? What is its innervation?

Answer 40

Levator palpebrae superioris; since it’s not a muscle of facial expression, its innervation is CN III

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

What is the mnemonic to remember the terminal branches of CN VII?

Answer 42

To Zanzibar By Motor Car (superior to inferior)

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, Cervical

TWO ZEBRAS BIT MY COCK

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45