7.2.2 Ear Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is mixed hearing loss?

A

Mixed Hearing Loss

  • Combination of CHL & SNHL
  • Damage in the outer/middle ear AND in the inner ear/auditory nerve
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2
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Atelectasis

Caused by negative pressure due to Eustachian tube dysfunction

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3
Q

What is the embyonic orgin of the pinna of the ear?

A

Hillocks of His

First arch (1-3)

Second arch (4-6)

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4
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hillocks of His

A
  1. Tragus
  2. Helical Crus
  3. Helix
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5
Q

What is CHL?

A

Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL)

  • Sounds is not easily sent through the ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones of the middle ear
  • Makes sounds softer and less easy to hear
  • Can be corrected medically or surgically
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6
Q

Conditions?

A

Left: Atresia

Right: Otitis Externa (Superficial infection of the skin of the EAC with two common initiating events: moisture trapping or trauma to the EAC )

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7
Q

What are the derivates of the 1st and 2nd arch found in the middle ear?

A

Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of the EAC?

A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What is a surgical option for a 9 mo healthy infant w/ history of 4 episodes of AOM since birth. HPI pos for acute fever, tugging at ears, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea. Passes NBHS, no NICU. PE pos for erythematous and bulging tympanic membrane

A

Ear tubes

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11
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Serous Otitis

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12
Q

What are the two regions of the tympanic membrane/

A

Pars Tensa (3 layers) & Pars flaccia (2 layers)

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13
Q

Condition?

A

Microtia

Congenital deformity where the pinna is underdevleoped (Most common major anomaly)

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14
Q

Conditions?

A

Left: ‘Lop’ Ear

Right: ‘Cup’ Ear

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15
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Cholesteatoma

Pars Flaccida

Benign skin cyst caused by longterm trapping of skin cells in retraction pocket

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the tempanic membrane and their embryonic tissue of origin?

A

Outer ectodermal layer (groove)

Middle fibrous layer (arch/mesoderm)

Inner mucosal layer (pouch/endoderm)

17
Q

Condition?

A

Pre-auricular pit

Epithelium between first and second hillocks does not resorb and cyst or sinus remains

18
Q

What are the degrees of hearing loss and their corresponding range of loss in decibels?

A

Normal: -10 – 15 dB

Mild: 26-40 dB

Moderate: 41 – 55 dB

Moderate/Severe: 56-70 dB

Severe: 71 – 90 dB

Profound: >90 dB

19
Q

What is the embryologic orgin of the external auditory canal (EAC)?

A

1st branchial groove (cleft)

20
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Retraction

21
Q
A
22
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Temporal Bone Trauma

Hearing loss, vertigo, facial nerve palsy, battle sign, hemotympanum, & bloody otorrhea

23
Q

What type of hearing loss?

A

Moderate to profound mixed hearing loss

24
Q

What type of hearing loss can be detected by the Weber test? Rinne test?

A

Weber: Detects unilateral CHL or SNHL

Rinne: Detects CHL

25
Q

What type of hearing loss is shown here?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

26
Q
A
27
Q

What is the embryologic origin of the concha?

A

1st branchial groove

28
Q

What these two key landmarks on a normal TM?

A

Top arrow: Malleus

Bottom arrow: Light reflection

29
Q

Type of pathology of TM?

A

Acute otitis

30
Q

What is the embryologic origin of the inner ear (vestibular organs & cochlea)?

A

Otic Vesicle

31
Q

What are the derivatives of the 1st pouch located in the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube, Mastoid air cells

32
Q

What is SNHL?

A

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)

  • Happens when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain
  • Even if speech is loud enough to hear, it may still be unclear or muffled
  • Most common type of permanent hearing loss
  • Most of the time cannot be corrected