4.3.1 Childhood Developmental Disorders

Question 1

What is the definition of an intellectual disability?

Answer 1

Intelligence is substantially below average

Important limitations in adaptive function

Onset is before age 18

IQ is less than 70

Question 2

Differentiate between Borderline, mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability.

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the general characteristics of autism?

Answer 3

Impaired socialization detected before age 3

• Impaired social interaction
• Impaired communication
• Restricted interests with stereotyped behavior

Some association with Intelligence disability

Question 4

Autism can be thought to be?

Answer 4

A spectrum disorder

Mild (Asperger Syndrome) to Severe (w/ intellectual disability)

Question 5

What is the theory of the mind?

Answer 5

The ability that humans can understand the mental state of other people, able to predict and explain other behaviors

Question 6

How will eye contact differ in patients with Autism?

Answer 6

Patients will tend to not make eye contact or look at other people’s faces

Question 7

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 7

Encephalopathy (brain lesion)

Presents before age 3

Manifests with disorder of movement or posture

Question 8

Cerebral palsy is thought to be static, what does this mean?

Answer 8

Brain lesion does not progress

Clinical manifestations can progress as the nervous system matures

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Spastic CP and what pattern can it present with?

Answer 9

Spasticity (Upper motor neuron)

Hyperreflexia

Upgoing toes

Question 10

What are the characteristics of dykinetic CP?

Answer 10

Basal ganglia

Rigidity and abnormal involuntary movements (choreathetois)

Difficulty with voluntary motor control

Question 11

What are the characteristics of Ataxic CP?

Answer 11

Cerebellar systems

severe appendicular and gait ataxia

Question 12

What is the germinal matrix?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the characteristics of a germinal matrix hemorrhage?

Answer 13

Poor autoregulation of blood flow and blood pressure

Thin microvasculature is susecptible to rupture

Fluctuations in BP lead to injured vessels and hemorrhage

Hypoperfusion and hypoxia can lead to infarction

Hemorrhage can lead to infarcted regions after reprofusion

Question 14

The brain has a selective vulnerability to?

Answer 14

Hypoxia

Most oxygen dependent organ

Can have permanent damage within minutes of oxygen deprivation

Question 15

Describe the watershed pattern in a preterm infant.

Answer 15

Periventricular region

Question 16

Describe the watershed pattern zones after term and into adulthood.

Answer 16

Question 17

What is periventricular leukomalacia?

Answer 17

PVL is caused by ischemia in the watershed territory area in a preterm infant

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of Vascular injuries after term.

Answer 18

Question 19

Pure hypoxia in the cerebral cortex as a preterm infant can lead to?

Answer 19

Intellectual disabilities

Question 20

Pure hypoxia in the basal ganglia (globus palladius) can result in?

Answer 20

Dyskinetic CP

Question 21

Pure hypoxia in the purkinje cells of the cerebellum can result in?

Answer 21

Ataxic CP

Question 22

What is kernicterus?

Answer 22