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Brain and Behavior > 2.1.1 Cellular Neuropathy > Flashcards

2.1.1 Cellular Neuropathy Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?

A

Bunina Body

Motor Neuron Disease (possibly ALS)

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2
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Microglia

normally at rest, resident CNS macrophages, elongation into rod cells and cluster around dying neurons

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3
Q

What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?

A
  • Granulovacuolar Degeneration
  • Subtle inclusions surrounded by clear vacuole
  • Seen in aging brains
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4
Q

What are these images of?

A

Rosenthal Fibers

Top - Pilocytic astrocytoma

Bottom - Alexander’s Disease

process inclusions, made of heat shock proteins, seen in slow tumors (chronic gliosis), Alexander’s disease

  • Material from astrocytic processes forming random pattern
  • Chronic CNS irritation
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5
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Oligodendroglioma

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6
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Corpora amylacea

foot processes, heat shock proteins, normal with age

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7
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Arachnoidal/Meningothelial cells

make up the arachnoid meningeal layer, form whorls and are prone to form tumors

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8
Q

In neuronal injury what is degeneration?

A

Apoptosis

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9
Q

What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?

A

-Hirano Bodies

  • Pale pink or eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm
  • Signify nonspecific neurodegenerative changes
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10
Q

What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?

A
  • Neurofibrillary Tangles
  • Basophilic coned structures
  • Hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease
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11
Q

What is gliosis?

A

excessive astrocytes (AKA astrocytosis), indicator of injury

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12
Q

What are these two images of?

A

Pigmentation in Neurons

Left - lipofuscin

Right - Neuromelanin

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13
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A
  • Viral Inclusions (Nergi Body)
  • Signify infection
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14
Q

What happens to neurons in response to acute injury?

A
  • Nissl dissolution
  • Shrunken cells
  • Cellular atrophy
  • Nuclear pyknosis

Neurons will lose blue hue and appear red

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15
Q

What is the role of astrocytes?

A
  • Small, oval nuclei with star-like processes
  • Supportive stroma of CNS, aid in BBB
  • Contain Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Intermediate filament
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16
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Acute Neuronal Injury

“Red Neurons”

17
Q

In neuronal injury what is an axonal reaction?

A

Injury to axon leads to cell body swelling

Central chromatolysis (due to Nissl displacement)

18
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Ependyoma

Tumor of ependymal cells

19
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Meningothelial Cell “Whorls”

20
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Ependymal cell injury

Leads to loss, granulations, and can be caused by infectious injury (CMV)

21
Q

What happens when there is injury to an oligodendrocyte?

A

-Injury = myelin loss or abnormal myelin

22
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Astrocytosis

23
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Gemistocystic Astrocytes

-Astrocytes with rounded cytoplasm instead of star-shape

24
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Ependymal cells

-Ciliated columnar cells lining the ventricles

25
Q

What are the types of injuries that can affect neurons?

A
  • Anoxia
  • Ischemia
  • Hypoglycemia
26
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Oligodendrocyte Nuclear Inclusion

-Viral Disease = oligodendrocyte inclusions

JC Virus infects, demyelination, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

27
Q

Choroid plexus is responsible for?

A

CSF production

28
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Achromatic neuron

29
Q

What happens to neurons as they age?

A

Accumulate lipofuscin and neuromelanin

30
Q

What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?

A

-Lewy Bodies

  • Pink, fuzzy, circular inclusions surrounded by pink halo
  • Misfolded proteins, typically found in Parkinson’s
31
Q

In neuronal injury what is atrophy?

A

Retraction of cell body, nuclear pyknosis

32
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Normal oligodendrocytes

33
Q

What are these images of?

A

Left - choroid plexus (highly vascularized with ependymal lining)

RIght - papilloma associated with choroid plexus

34
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Alzheimer Type II Cells

  • Clear cells w/o associated cytoplasm
  • Associated w/ metabolic encephalopathy ↑ ammonia
35
Q

What is Transsynaptic degeneration?

A

Atrophy of nerve cells due to loss of afferent input

36
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A

Degeneration of nerve fibers distal to injury

37
Q

Neurons carry two unique principles, what are they?

A

Selective Vulnerability

Post-mitotic cells - no regeneration

38
Q

What is the role of oligodendrocytes?

A

-Make and maintain myelin within the CNS

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