2.1.1 Cellular Neuropathy Flashcards
What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?
Bunina Body
Motor Neuron Disease (possibly ALS)
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Microglia
normally at rest, resident CNS macrophages, elongation into rod cells and cluster around dying neurons
What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?
- Granulovacuolar Degeneration
- Subtle inclusions surrounded by clear vacuole
- Seen in aging brains
What are these images of?
Rosenthal Fibers
Top - Pilocytic astrocytoma
Bottom - Alexander’s Disease
process inclusions, made of heat shock proteins, seen in slow tumors (chronic gliosis), Alexander’s disease
- Material from astrocytic processes forming random pattern
- Chronic CNS irritation
What is this an image of?
Oligodendroglioma
What is this an image of?
Corpora amylacea
foot processes, heat shock proteins, normal with age
What is this an image of?
Arachnoidal/Meningothelial cells
make up the arachnoid meningeal layer, form whorls and are prone to form tumors
In neuronal injury what is degeneration?
Apoptosis
What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?
-Hirano Bodies
- Pale pink or eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm
- Signify nonspecific neurodegenerative changes
What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?
- Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Basophilic coned structures
- Hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease
What is gliosis?
excessive astrocytes (AKA astrocytosis), indicator of injury
What are these two images of?
Pigmentation in Neurons
Left - lipofuscin
Right - Neuromelanin
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
- Viral Inclusions (Nergi Body)
- Signify infection
What happens to neurons in response to acute injury?
- Nissl dissolution
- Shrunken cells
- Cellular atrophy
- Nuclear pyknosis
Neurons will lose blue hue and appear red
What is the role of astrocytes?
- Small, oval nuclei with star-like processes
- Supportive stroma of CNS, aid in BBB
- Contain Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Intermediate filament
What is this an image of?
Acute Neuronal Injury
“Red Neurons”
In neuronal injury what is an axonal reaction?
Injury to axon leads to cell body swelling
Central chromatolysis (due to Nissl displacement)
What is this an image of?
Ependyoma
Tumor of ependymal cells
What is this an image of?
Meningothelial Cell “Whorls”
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Ependymal cell injury
Leads to loss, granulations, and can be caused by infectious injury (CMV)
What happens when there is injury to an oligodendrocyte?
-Injury = myelin loss or abnormal myelin
What is this an image of?
Astrocytosis
What is this an image of?
Gemistocystic Astrocytes
-Astrocytes with rounded cytoplasm instead of star-shape
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Ependymal cells
-Ciliated columnar cells lining the ventricles
What are the types of injuries that can affect neurons?
- Anoxia
- Ischemia
- Hypoglycemia
What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?
Oligodendrocyte Nuclear Inclusion
-Viral Disease = oligodendrocyte inclusions
JC Virus infects, demyelination, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Choroid plexus is responsible for?
CSF production
What is this an image of?
Achromatic neuron
What happens to neurons as they age?
Accumulate lipofuscin and neuromelanin
What is this an image of and what are the associated characteristics?
-Lewy Bodies
- Pink, fuzzy, circular inclusions surrounded by pink halo
- Misfolded proteins, typically found in Parkinson’s
In neuronal injury what is atrophy?
Retraction of cell body, nuclear pyknosis
What is this an image of?
Normal oligodendrocytes
What are these images of?
Left - choroid plexus (highly vascularized with ependymal lining)
RIght - papilloma associated with choroid plexus
What is this an image of?
Alzheimer Type II Cells
- Clear cells w/o associated cytoplasm
- Associated w/ metabolic encephalopathy ↑ ammonia
What is Transsynaptic degeneration?
Atrophy of nerve cells due to loss of afferent input
What is Wallerian degeneration?
Degeneration of nerve fibers distal to injury
Neurons carry two unique principles, what are they?
Selective Vulnerability
Post-mitotic cells - no regeneration
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
-Make and maintain myelin within the CNS
