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Brain and Behavior > 2.4.1 Brain Tumors > Flashcards

2.4.1 Brain Tumors Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the important genetic marker for oligodendrogliomas?

A

-1p/16q deletions respond favorably to chemotherapy

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2
Q

Circumscribed gliomas may have what genetic mutation?

A

BRAF mutations

No IDH mutation

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3
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Ependyoma

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A
  • Benign tumor
  • Most common CNS tumor in children
  • Locations: cerebellum, 3rd ventricle, optic nerve
  • Possibly associated with NF1
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5
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Glioblastoma Grade IV

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a glioblastoma?

A
  • Grade IV Astrocytoma
  • May see defined lesion on imaging

-Butterfly effect – arising in the cerebral hemisphere and crossing the corpus callosum

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7
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A
  • Meningeal Carcinomatosis
  • Malignant, metastatic tumor cells growing in subarachnoid space
  • Typically from:
  • Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Adenocarciomas: breast, lung
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8
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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9
Q

What are the covered parts?

A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of hemangioblastoma?

A
  • Highly vascular tumor typically seen in the cerebellum
  • Often associated with VHL Disease:
  • -AD
  • -Cysts in pancreas, liver, kidneys
  • -RCC & capillary hemangioblastoma

Characterized by neoplastic stromal cells and abundant small vessels

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11
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Maxopapillary ependymoma

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12
Q

What are these image of?

A

Glioblastoma

Left demonstrates necrosis

Right demonstrates vascular proliferation

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13
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Meningioma

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14
Q

What are the gross findings associated with brain metastases?

A

-sharply demarcated, gray white junction, surrounding edema

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a medulloblastoma?

A
  • Malignant tumor of childhood
  • May occur in the cortex of adults due to seeding
  • Tumor of granular cells of cerebellum
  • Derived from neuroectodermal tissues
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16
Q

What is the role of IDH-1 in diffuse gliomas?

A
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17
Q

What are the characteristics of an ependyoma?

A
  • Malignant tumor
  • Commonly found in 4th ventricle of children, causing hydrocephalus
  • Locations: Ventricular areas, spinal cord
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18
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Diffuse astrocytoma

MRI showing no enhancement

Malignant, high grade tumor

Most common adult primary brain tumor

WHO Grades: II, III (Anaplastic), IV (Glioblastoma)

Imaging: edema, mass effect, no well-defined lesion

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19
Q

What are the imaging and histological characteristics of medulloblastoma?

A
  • Imaging: midline lesion in cerebellum
  • Histology: small, round cells with Homer-Wright Rosettes
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20
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Medulloblastoma

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21
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a glioblastoma?

A
  • Increased necrosis
  • Pseudopalisading (living cells lined up next to areas of necrosis)
  • Increased endothelial cell proliferation
  • Vascular proliferation
22
Q

What are the imaging and histological characteristics of a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A
  • Imaging: cystic-solid enhancing lesion with mural nodule
  • -Relative circumscription
  • Hist: eosinophilic astrocytes with thick processes
  • -“Rosenthal Fibers”
23
Q

What are the genetics associated with diffuse astrocytoma?

A
24
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Diffuse astrocytoma

25
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Hemangioblastoma

26
Q

What are these images of?

A

Ependymoma

27
Q

What are the characteristics of CNS Lymphoma?

A
  • Imaging: enhancing lesion in cerebellum
  • Features:
  • -B cells (stained via CD20)
  • -EBV association
  • -Angiocentric growth pattern
  • -Associated with immunosuppression

-Avoid Preop steroids as some lymphomas are very sensitive

28
Q

What are the two types of growth patterns of central nervous system tumors?

A

Diffuse (right) and discrete mass (left)

29
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Medulloblastoma

30
Q

What are the genes associated with a diffuse glioma?

A

IDH1 or IDH2

31
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Oligodendroglioma

32
Q

Why is there poor prognosis associated with medulloblastoma?

A

-Poor prognosis due to rapid growth & spread via CSF

33
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

-Histology:

  • -Large, bizarre cells
  • -Chronic inflammation
  • -Special structures: eosinophilic grnular bodies

-Imaging: superficial mass, interfacing with leptomeninges, cystic with solid nodule

34
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Oligodendroglioma

Malignant tumor of oligodendrocytes

Histology - calcification, perinuclear haloes, chicken wire vasculature, and fried egg appearance

Usually involves the frontal lobe and can cause seizures

35
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

36
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Meningioma - psamomma bodies are present

37
Q

What are these images of?

A
38
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Oligodendroglioma

39
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Meningioma

40
Q

What are the most common metastasis to the brain?

A
  • Top 5 (80% of metastatic carcinoma to the brain)
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Skin
  • Kidney
  • GI Tract
41
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Ependyoma

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a meningioma including imaging, histology, and cytogenetics?

A
  • Benign tumor of arachnoid cells
  • Typically affects females over males
  • Imaging: round, extradural mass with edema
  • Typically noninvasive
  • May cause seizures due to compression
  • Easily resected
  • Histology: whorled cells, psammoma bodies
  • Cytogenics: has progesterone receptor, loss of chromosome 22q
  • Possibly associated with NF2
43
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Glioblastoma

44
Q

What are these images of?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma - histological characteristics include ROSENTHAL FIBERS

45
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Anaplastic Astrocytoma

WHO Grade III

A+M = Atypia and Mitosis

46
Q

What is this an image of and what are the characteristics?

A

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT)

47
Q

What are the characteristic histological findings associated with ependymoma?

A

-Perivascular pseudorosettes, effacement with vascular tissue

48
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

49
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Glioblastoma

50
Q

What are the characteristics of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor?

A
  • Tumor of rhabdoid cells affecting young children (<5)
  • Location: posterior fossa or supratentorial
  • Rhabdoid cells; polyphenotypic - neuroecto, epithelial, and mesenchymal
  • High frequency of hSNF5/(SMARCB1)INI1 gene loss from chromosome 22
51
Q

What are these images of and what are the characteristics?

A

Ganglioma

Brain and Behavior (89 decks)

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