6.2.1 Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards
What is the difference between a central and lateral brain herniation?
Central - Midsize, bilateral non-reactive pupils
Lateral - Unilateral dilated non-reactive pupils
What is an epidural hematoma?
How can severity differ in regards to torque applied to the brain?
Where can injuries occur to the following nerves:
Olfactory
CN7
CN 8
CN 4
CN12
What are some clinical manifestations of a concussion?
What are the characteristics of brain edema?
Vasgenic - disruption of BBB leading to EC edema affecting white matter capilaries
Cytotoxic - cerebral ischemia leading to EC water passing into neurons resulting in swelling, inability to maintain ATP-Na/K pump
Describe the autoregulation of Cerebral blood flow in regards to BP
As blood pressure is increases arterioles will vasoconstrict in order to maintain normal cerebral blood flow
What are the two types of Traumatic injuries that can happen to the brain?
Penetrating and Blunt injuries
Describe the autoregulation cerebral blood flow in regards to pCO2
Increase in pCO2 will cause an increase in CBF this is due to maintaining normal pH of the blood in the brain
What are the different types of cranial bleeding?
Subdural
Epidural
Intracerebral
Differentiate between primary and secondary injuries.
Primary - occur at the time of the trauma
Secondary - Complications subsequent to the trauma
Intracranial pressure is normally?
15
What is a brain laceration?
Visible tear in the brain
Where are the 4 instances that the brain can herniate?
What is angular acceleration in relation to traumatic brain injury?
What are some ways to reduce intracranial pressure?
External ventricular drainage
Hyperventilation - decreased CO2 and vasoconstriction
Hyperosmolar therapy
What is a Chronic Subdural Hematoma?
What is a concussion?
What is post concussion syndrome?
Recovery from a concussion may be followed by recurrent headache, impaired ability to concentrate, and other minor neuro symptoms
What is diffuse axonal injury?
a brain injury in which damage in the form of extensive lesions in white matter tracts occurs over a widespread area.
What is a cerebral contusion?
What is a CSF leak?
What is hydrocephalus and describe the difference between communicating and non-communicating.
What is a traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is a subdural hematoma?
What cranial nerves are most susceptible to injury?
CN I, VII, and VIII
